Eucalyptus crops in Southern Brazil are generally conducted in acidic soils, thus their yield can be increased by lime and gypsum applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum applications on soil chemical attributes and initial growth of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii in a Humic Cambisol (Inceptisol). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with seedlings of both species of eucalyptus grown in soil treated with different rates of lime (0, 3, 6, and 12 Mg ha-1), and gypsum (0, 6, 3, 12.6, and 25.2 Mg ha-1). At 90 days after application of the treatments, the soil chemical attributes and growth components of eucalyptus seedlings. The lime increased the production shoot dry weight, however, the response to gypsum was negative. The lime increased the soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ca), base saturation (V %), and slightly the soil electrical conductivity, decreased the soil aluminium saturation (m %), and promoted little reduction in the exchangeable potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents. The gypsum didn't alter the soil pH, but decreased the m%, increased soil phosphorus (P) contents, and expressively increased the electrical conductivity, which may have had a negative effect on the eucalyptus growth. In conclusion, the addition of limestone decreases the soil acidity and benefits the growth of eucalyptus seedlings. However, the addition of gypsum has no expressive effects upon those variables, but it can decrease the growth of seedlings when the rates are excessive.
RESUMODevido à grande área ocupada com reflorestamentos de pinus no sul do Brasil, considera-se necessário avaliar o impacto dessa cultura no estoque de carbono orgânico do solo, especialmente com relação às frações das substâncias húmicas (SH). Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações na quantidade e proporção das substâncias húmicas da matéria orgânica em solo representativo do Planalto Catarinense devido à substituição da vegetação natural por povoamentos de Pinus taeda. Foram avaliadas quatro situações de uso em áreas localizadas no município de Ponte Alta, sendo uma de campo natural (CN) e três plantios de Pinus taeda com idades de 5 (P05), 16 (P16) e 21 (P21) anos em segunda rotação, em solo classificado como Cambissolo Húmico distrófico. Amostras de solos compostas por sete sub amostras foram coletadas em sete pontos amostrais dentro de cada área nas camadas de 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm e 30-40 cm de profundidade. Os teores de carbono das SH da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) foram determinados através de fracionamento químico resultante da solubilização em meios ácido e básico. Os teores e proporções das SH da MOS variaram significativamente em função da situação de uso e profundidade analisados, evidenciando maiores quantidades na camada superficial e seu aumento com a idade do pinus. Em geral, os maiores valores de C nas frações e camadas avaliadas foram observados no P21 e os menores no P05. Palavras-chave: fracionamento; ácidos húmicos; reflorestamento; sequestro de carbono. ABSTRACTDue to the great area occupied with Pinus sp. plantations in southern Brazil, it is considered necessary to evaluate the impact of this kind of crop on soil organic carbon stock, specially related to fractions from humic substances (HS). On this context, this work aims to evaluate the changes on humic substances quantity and the proportion of organic matter on representative soil of the highlands in Santa Catarina state due to replacement of natural grassland by Pinus taeda stands. Four situations of soil use on areas located in Ponte Alta town were evaluated, being one of natural grasslands(CN) and tree of Pinus taeda forests with 5 (P05), 16 (P16) and 21 (P21) years old on second rotation, on soil classified as Humic Dystrupept. Soil samples composed by seven subsamples were collected on seven points inside every area in the 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm layers. The carbon contents of HS in the SOM were determined by chemical fractionating resulted from alkaline or acid extraction. The HS contents and proportions varied according to the soil use and depth analyzed, showing more quantity in the surface layer and its increasing with pinus age. In general, the highest levels of C on fractions and layers evaluated were observed on P21 and the lowest on P05 uses.
The high demand for forest products in Brazil estimates a 2 million hectares increase in reforestation areas over the next 10 years, highlighting Eucalyptus species. However, these crops usually occur in acid soils that need correction to achieve high productivity. Besides limestone, lime mud, a residue from the cellulose industry, and gypsum can also be used as correctives, but there are doubts about doses and ways of application with the best results. Thus, were evaluated the soil chemical attributes, foliar nutrient content, and initial growth of a Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden crop in response to the application of limestone, lime mud, and gypsum in different doses and ways of applications, on a Humic Cambisol from Santa Catarina Plateau. The experiment was carried out with nine treatments in four replicates, where the evaluated parameters were determined up to 24 months after planting. In general, both limestone, lime mud, and gypsum, in different doses and ways of application, affected the chemical attributes of the soil but did not affect the foliar nutrient content at 12 months, height, and diameter at breast high (DBH) from trees and timber volume at 24 months. Gypsum do not correct soil acidity but lime mud provides similar results to limestone indicating that can substitute this corrective without damage to nutritional status and initial development of Eucalyptus dunnii.
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