Parasites of the genusTrypanosomaare unicellular flagellated microorganisms of theTrypanosomatidae. This study describes an isolate of the genusTrypanosomanaturally infectingRhipicephalus microplusticks, characterized through molecular, morphological and biological analysis. Trypanosome cultures, designated strain P1RJ, were obtained by isolation fromR. microplushaemolymph in cultures of the tick cell line IDE8. After isolation, strain P1RJ grew well axenically in L15B medium at temperatures of 30, 32 and 34 °C. The new trypanosome remained stable in axenic culture over 14 passages in L15B at 30 °C and was successfully cryopreserved and resuscitated. Morphometric analysis was performed on randomly selected developmental forms. 18S rRNA and 24Sα rDNA sequence analyses confirmed that strain P1RJ is a new species of the genusTrypanosoma. The nucleotide sequences described were submitted to Genbank. Pathogenicity, involvement in vertebrate hosts, epidemiology, developmental cycle and transmission mechanisms of strain P1RJ are still unknown. Therefore, more studies will be necessary to determine life cycle aspects of this trypanosome, for which we propose the nameTrypanosoma rhipicephalissp. nov.
Parasites of the genusTrypanosomaare microorganisms that display wide morphological, biological and genetic variability. Here we present the first description of an isolate of the genusTrypanosomanaturally infecting the tickAmblyomma brasiliense. The ticks were collected from a specimen ofTayassu pecari(Queixada, white-lipped peccary) from the Itatiaia National Park, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate was characterized by molecular, morphometric and biological analyses. ATrypanosomaculture was isolated from crushed nymphal and adult ticks, propagated in the tick cell line IDE8 and maintained in L15B culture medium, incubated at 32 °C. The isolate grew well in L15B medium at 30, 32 and 34 °C but not at lower or higher temperatures. The culture remained stable in axenic L15B medium at 30 °C. Cryopreserved cultures retained viability after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. Growth in axenic medium and developmental forms of the trypanosomes were analysed. Analysis of the 18S rDNA region confirmed the authenticity of this new species and the nucleotide sequence was deposited in Genbank. The species was namedTrypanosoma amblyommisp. nov. strain C1RJ. Characteristics related to pathogenicity, involvement with vertebrate hosts, epidemiology, developmental cycle and transmission mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, further studies are necessary to understand the aspects of the biological cycle ofT. amblyommisp. nov.
Although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of Brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil. A total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and simultaneously analyzed by the IFAT and ELISA. The serological prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 41.3% and 55.5% in ELISA and 35.7% and 48.8% in IFAT, respectively. The overall prevalence of A. marginale, B. bovis, and B. bigemina was 63%, 25%, and 21% by ELISA and 50.0%, 22.5%, and 18.8% by IFAT, respectively. This study shows valuable information regarding the serological survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil which will likely be very beneficial for the management and control programs of this disease.
This research describes the infestation by ticks and lice in free-living coatis (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766) with sylvatic and synanthropic habits living at the Iguaçu National Park (INP), state of Parana, southern Brazil. During the months of September 2014 and from March to April 2015, ticks and lice were collected from 86 free-living coatis from INP. Among the animals analyzed, 99% (85/86) were infested with ectoparasites, Amblyomma spp. larvae (n=23), nymphs of Amblyomma brasiliense (n=77), Amblyomma coelebs (n=427) and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (n=6) being observed, as well as Amblyomma ovale adults (n=46). Lice were found in lower prevalence (13%, 11/86), nymphs (n=31) and adults (n=9) of Neotrichodectes pallidus. Summary results show feral coatis with sylvatic and synanthropic habits as competent hosts for ixodid ticks and lice, arthropods responsible for the transmission of pathogens for carnivores, others wildlife and humans. This paper presents the first record of H. juxtakochi infesting coatis in Brazil.
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