The diagnosis of leptospirosis commonly relies on serology, which has three issues that are referred: the sampling, the antigen panel, and the cutoff point. We propose a systematic review of the bovine leptospirosis in Latin America, in order to provide a better understanding of the evolution of the research and of the seroepidemiology of bovine leptospirosis in that region. Internet databases were consulted over the year of 2014. Inclusion criteria for analysis included serosurvey using microscopic agglutination test (MAT), a relevant number of animals, the presence in the antigen panel of at least one representant of serogroup Sejroe, and a cutoff point of ≥100. A total of 242 articles that referred to cattle, leptospir*, and one region of Latin America was found. Only 105 articles regarding to serosurveys using MAT were found in several countries, and 61 (58.1 %) met all the inclusion criteria. In conclusion, this systematic review demonstrated a high prevalence of the infection (75.0 % at herd level and 44.2 % at animal level), with predominance of strains of serogroup Sejroe (80.3 %). It was evident that there is the necessity of more studies in several countries, as well as the need for greater standardization in studies, especially with regard to the adopted cutoff point at serological tests.

The present study evaluated the susceptibility pattern of one Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate obtained from a deceased foal following an acute case of diarrhea. The isolate was identified by reference methods and tested with a panel of 27 antimicrobial agents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was confirmed in pure culture and the isolate demonstrated resistance to all tested antimicrobials. Since it was a unique case in this herd, we suggest that contamination did not happen by horizontal transmission. The multidrug resistance was unexpected, associated to the virulence of the isolate, that killed the foal in five days, despite treatment.