The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented the world with an urgent demand for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics to prevent, treat and control the spread of infection. Nanotechnology seems to be highly relevant in this emergency due to the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials which offer versatile chemical functionalization to create advanced biomedical tools. Here, nano-intervention is discussed for designing effective strategies in developing advanced personal protective equipment kits, disinfectants, rapid and cost-effective diagnostics and therapeutics against the infection. We have also highlighted the nanoparticle-based vaccination approaches and how nanoparticles can regulate the host immune system against infection. Overall, this review discusses various nanoformulations that have shown clinical relevance or can be explored in the fight against COVID-19.

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Cancer remains a major worldwide health challenge. Current studies emphasize the tumor microenvironment that plays a vital role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. The tumor microenvironment supports the cancer cell to evade conventional treatment such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Moreover, the components of tumor microenvironments have a major contribution to developing therapy resistance in solid tumors. Therefore, targeting the tumor microenvironment can be a novel approach to achieving advancement in cancer nanomedicine. The recent progress in understanding TME and developing TME-responsive nanoparticles offers a great advantage in treating cancer drug resistance. These nanoparticles developed in response to TME stimuli such as low pH, redox, and hypoxia improve nanomedicine's pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses the various components of the tumor microenvironment responsible for drug resistance and nanomedicine's role in overcoming it.