Uttarakhand is an alpine state which has many districts relying on fruit crops for economic purposes. This study has been conducted in three districts of Uttarakhand namely, Chamoli, Uttarkashi and Tehri where the softskinned fruit orchards were targeted for collection of drosophilids during different stages of ripening fruit. One of the sites sampled was taken as control site where fruit orchards were not present but had only few fruiting trees with mixed vegetation. With this study, total of ten species has been collected extensively and there seems to be a pattern in the presence of these drosophilids. At the ripening stage of fruits, the species that were present in the sites were Drosophila suzukii, Drosophila subpulchrella, Drosophila punjabiensis. It indicates that these species are attracted toward ripening fruits and later their ovipositor was also observed and were confirmed as serrated ones. On the contrary, the drosophilids present at ripen stage were Drosophila nepalensis, Zaprionus indianus and Drosophila
takahashii and these species were also present in control site. Interestingly, Drosophila melanogaster were only present when the fruits were plucked and there were only piles of rotten fruits. The control site, on the other hand, had a few additional species that were not found in the fruit orchards. Later study of their ovipositors also suggested that
these species might not harm the ripening fruits as they may not act as primary pests.
This review article is a brief introduction to taxonomy. How taxonomy play important role in conservation plans and why this field is important from the perspective of rich diversified India has been mentioned. This article is a tribute to all the eminent Indian taxonomists who have paved the sector of arthropod’s taxonomy and taxonomists who are working on it, making many unknown species documented and familiar to us. This article tries to acknowledge all the traditional taxonomists from the Indian subcontinent. Along with it much-needed measures have also been mentioned for conserving taxonomy and skilled taxonomists.
As drosophilids are versatile, low maintenance and non-harming model organisms, they can be easily used in all fields of life sciences like Genetics, Biotechnology, Cancer biology, Genomics, Reproductive biology, Developmental biology, Micro chemical studies, ecology and much more. For using such a model organism, we need to learn capturing, rearing and culturing their progeny along with basic identification and differentiation between males and females. This chapter is being emphasized on techniques of capturing these flies with different and effective techniques. Along with it, most species-specific baits are discussed to catch more yield. Culture food media, a set measurement of different ingredients is used to rear the collected sample. The reasons for using each ingredient are also discussed in this chapter. At last, this chapter highlights the basic clues to identify different species in the field and lab along with learning distinguishing characteristics of males and females easily and effectively.
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