With rapidly developing technology, it is important to invent an efficient and effective security system that will help to detect unauthorized access on any system. Hence it is essential necessary to implement a highly secure, economic and reliable face recognition system to enable the protection of computer systems from unauthorized access. So, in this paper a fast efficient approach is proposed for the recognition of human faces. Thus, firstly Haar wavelet transform is implemented for multilevel decomposition of face image into several subband images. The decomposed image subbands are then used as input by Improved Principal Component Analysis (IPCA) approach for extracting features with the help of eigenvalues and Eigen vectors. Then classification of features using Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is done and finally image is being recognized comparing it to the testing images existing in the images database. More efficient BPNN is used to improve the recognition rate and to overcome the problems associated with variations in illumination and poses. Thus feed forward neural network shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Singapore is not known for astronomy research. However, the interest in astronomy has grown since the 1990s, when more educational institutions and observatories were built to equip students with the skills and knowledge in astronomy. The National University of Singapore (NUS) currently has a strong and rigorous astronomy and astrophysics programme that leads to an astrophysics specialization within the physics B.Sc. degree as well as four general education modules in astronomy and astrophysics. As experimental data is the final arbiter of any scientific theory, we emphasize the practical aspects of astronomy in this programme. We also have a state-of-the-art observatory equipped with a robotic telescope and a planetarium for tutorials. This paper outlines the philosophy, pedagogy and approach of how our NUS team has achieved a very successful undergraduate astronomy and astrophysics for aspiring Singaporean youth.
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