Abstract. Th e main aim of the paper is to describe personal, public and occupation-related trust of Polish students. Th is aim is refl ected in the paper's structure. Th e theoretical part explores key issues related to social capital and to trust as its crucial component. Th e empirical part off ers an analysis of a survey conducted among Polish students and, additionally, for the purpose of comparison, also among their peers from Spain. Several key conclusions are formulated in the fi nal section of the paper. Th ey refer in particular to the diff erences in the areas of personal, public and occupation-related trust between the two analysed groups of students.
The aim of the article is to assess changes in the perception of the state by students in the context of research concerning social capital. The paper studies whether the knowledge and the social competences gained during the three years of study are reflected in the perception of the state by young people. The paper uses the results of a survey analysis conducted at the universities in Poland and Lithuania. The theoretical part of the article presents chosen issues concerning social capital in relation to the state. The article presents conclusions regarding the assessment of changes in the perception of the state by young people in Poland and Lithuania in the context of democracy, social participation, trust and social norms. This research enables us to make a comparison of the results between the two countries and from two research periods and is an original contribution to the discussion about the role of the young generation in society. The results of the research indicate that the knowledge and the social competencies acquired during three years of study in most cases were not reflected in the change of perception of the state by Polish and Lithuanian young people.
The purpose of the article is to identify the propensity of decision-makers of the regulatory authority on the telecommunications market in Poland (Office of Electronic Communications, OEC) in making decisions under risk and uncertainty conditions and comparing them with a group of non-experts. The research outcomes reveal that decision-makers of the regulatory authority make in most cases decisions that are consistent with the prospect theory. In addition, OEC decision-makers in circumstances of uncertainty, retain the status quo and maintain a lower risk tendency in a decision-making situation with the same expected value but different variance. It was pointed out, at the same time, that their decisions did not differ from those taken by the group of non-experts. The findings presented in the article contribute to the discussion on the propensity of public decision-makers to make decisions under conditions of risk and uncertainty
Purpose: This paper aims to identify preferences in regulatory decision-making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research using the experimental method was conducted among top-management of the regulatory authority in Poland, Office of Electronic Communications (OEC) and telecommunications National Regulatory Authorities in UEmembers of Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications. Findings: The findings suggest the occurrence of a certainty effect, loss avoidance effect, reflection, ambiguity aversion effect, and the status quo effect, all of which are psychological determinants shaping the preferences of regulatory decision selection under conditions of risk and uncertainty. The preferences under conditions of risk and uncertainty vary depending on the decision-making situation. There is no clear link between declared and actual risk preferences expressed by the OEC top management in decision-making situations. Risk preferences top-management OEC and BEREC are converging. Practical Implications: There is a need to shape the architecture of choice for public decision-makers in a decision-making situation in conditions of risk and uncertainty that take into account their cognitive tendencies. Originality/Value: The findings presented in the article contribute to the discussion on regulators' cognitive tendencies in determining regulatory decision preferences under conditions of risk and uncertainty. An experimental research approach can explain the cognitive tendencies of public decision-makers.
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