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We analyze the collaboration between manufacturing firms and universities in Canada. The data comes from the Statistics Canada Survey of Innovation, 1999. After a survey of the literature we present a statistical description of collaborating firms, their reasons for collaboration and the impact of collaboration on their performance. The econometric analysis estimates the probability that a firm collaborates with universities. The results suggest that collaboration with universities is frequent in knowledge based industries. Research undertaken in partnerships complements, rather than replaces, R&D by collaborating firms. Collaboration improves the performance of innovating firms. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006University-Industry collaboration, R & D, innovation, motivation, impacts, Canadian universities, O31, O32, L60, I29,

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The objective of the paper is to determine how the utilisation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) by Canadian manufacturing firms is related to their characteristics, activities, competitive strategies and industry sector in which they operate. The principal source of information used in this endeavour is the Statistics Canada Survey of Innovation 1999. The paper starts with an overview of other studies that looked at the use of intellectual property rights in Canada. Follows a conceptual framework presenting variables likely to explain the use specific IPRs by Canadian manufacturing firms. The use of IPRs is to a great extent correlated with basic economic characteristics of firms, their activities and industry environment. A series of estimated logit regressions predict the probability that a firm will use a specific IPR instrument. Also estimated is the contribution of the use of IPRs to the probability that a firm innovates. The decision of a firm to use IPRs is often not independent of the decision to innovate. To eliminate the potential endogeneity bias I estimate a two-stage logit model. A comparison of the single- and two-stage logit models shows that the nexus from the protection of intellectual property (patents) to innovation may be weaker than indicated by the single equation model.Intellectual property rights, Innovation and invention, Manufacturing, Canada,