Water is a special liquid-and not only under "normal" conditions. Water in the supercritical state (shaded area in the phase diagram) is distinguished by special properties which are wholly at variance with those of normal water. So far these have usually been exploited for the purification of waste water, for example for the complete oxidation of poorly degradable substances. But what is the potential of supercritical water for synthesis? Answers are provided here on the basis of thermodynamic and kinetic studies as well as with reference to measurements of corrosion.
Ein schon früher entwickeltes Modell zur Berechnung der effektiven Wärmeleitfähigkeit nicht durchströmter Schüttungen wird erweitert, so daß die Wärmestrahlung und der Druckeinfluß berücksichtigt werden können. Für Kugelschüttungen werden die Ergebnisse in Diagrammen wiedergegeben. Die abgeleiteten Beziehungen werden anhand von Messungen anderer Autoren überprüft. Dabei wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung der theoretischen Daten mit den experimentell ermittelten Werten festgestellt.
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Bubble Columns 2.1. Design and Applications 2.2. Gas Distribution 2.3. Flow Regimes 2.4. Bubble Size 2.5. Bubble Rise Velocity 2.6. Axial Dispersion 2.7. Gas Holdup 2.8. Specific Interfacial Area 2.9. Mass Transfer 2.10. Heat Transfer 2.11. Fluid Dynamics 3. Airlift Loop Reactors 3.1. Design and Applications 3.2. Mixing Behavior and Fluid Dynamics 3.3. Gas Holdup 3.4. Mass Transfer and Mixing 3.5. Heat Transfer 3.6. Computational Fluid Dynamics
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