Background: Neck circumference (NC) measurement is one of the simple screening measurements which can be used as an index of upper body fat distribution to identify obesity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between neck circumferences and obesity. Methods:A total 411 volunteer adults participated in this study (174 men, 237 women). A questionnaire which consisted of anthropometric measurements and demographic features was used. Patients with NC ≥37 cm for men and ≥34 cm for women require evaluation of overweight status. Results: The percentages of the men and women with BMI ≥ 25kg/m 2 were 55.2% and 27.0% respectively and with high neck circumferences were 85.1% and 38.8%, respectively. The percentages of the men and women with high waist circumference were 31.6% and 79.3%, respectively. In both gender there were positive significant correlations between neck circumference, body weight (men, r=0.576; women, r=0.702; p=0.000), waist circumferences (men, r=0.593; women r=0.667; p=0.000), hip circumferences (men, r=0.568; women, r=0.617; p=0.000) and BMI (men, r=0.587; women, r=0.688; p=0.000). Conclusions: This study indicates that NC was associated with body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and waist/ hip ratio for men and women. A significant association was found between NC and conventional overweight and obesity indexes. NC was associated with waist/hip ratio for men and women.
Intrauterine life is one of the most important periods of life. As the development of the fetus continues, the mechanisms that affect adult health also begin to mature. With the hypothesis denoted “fetal programming,” it is thought that the presence of endocrinological disorders, toxins, infectious agents, the nutritional status of a mother, and nutrients related to placental functionality all have an effect on future life. Therefore, the fetus must adapt to the environment for survival. These adaptations may be involved the redistribution of metabolic, hormonal, or cardiac outputs in an effort to protect the brain, which is one of the important organs, as well as the slowing of growth to meet nutritional requirements. Unlike lifestyle changes or treatments received in adult life, the early developmental period tends to have a lasting effect on the structure and functionality of the body. In this review, fetal programming and the effects of fetal programming are discussed.
Kronik böbrek hastalıkları insidansı ve prevalansı tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Türk Nefroloji Derneği verilerine göre son 10 yılda ülkemizde son dönem böbrek yetmezliği (SDBY) insidansında iki kat, prevalansında beş kat artış gözlenmiştir. Kronik böbrek yetmezliğine eşlik eden üremik sendrom iştah kaybıyla, azalmış oral besin alımıyla sonuçlanan gastrointestinal yan etkilerle, metabolik asidoz, endokrin etmenler, üremik toksisite, protein katabolizmasının başlamasıyla ilişkilidir. Malnütrisyon SDBY olan hastalarda önemli bir sorundur. SDBY tanısı konmuş hastalarda protein nereji malnütrisyonunun (PEM) bulunma oranı hemodiyaliz (HD) hastalarında %18-75, sürekli ayaktan periton diyaliz (SAPD) hastalarında %10-50 arasındadır. Protein enerji malnütrisyon varlığı SDBY’de artmış mortalite ve morbidite ile ilişkilidir. Malnütrisyon sık görüldüğü için, beslenme durumunun periyodik olarak değerlendirilmesi, erken tanı ve uygun tedavide böbrek hastalarının rutin bakımının bir parçasıdır. Bu derleme makalede, böbrek hastalıklarında beslenme durumu saptama durumlarına odaklanılacaktır.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.