Five composite samples of waste water were collected from waste water tank of a vegetable oil refining company and were analyzed for physiochemical characteristics, heavy metal and organic pollutants. Physicochemical determinations were done according to standard methods; heavy metals were determined by use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method while organic pollutants were determined by Gas chromatography system HP 6890 series. Sulphate was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method while phosphates and chlorides were determined by argentometric method. Results reveal that effluent pH (4.67 ±0.015), salinity (125 ±4.50 %) and BOD 5 (17.83 ±1.70 mg/l) were bellow WHO standard whereas TDS (127.7 ±5.77 mg/l), TSS (563.6 ±3.15 mg/l) and COD (3959 ±3.8 mg/l) were above WHO standards. Heavy metal pollution index (0.31) showed no multi-element contamination arising from effluent. The degree of contamination (1.84) showed that the effluent has a moderate polluting potential. Lower molecular weight PAHs showed a significant difference even though most of the organic compounds in vegetable oil refinery wastewater showed good biodegradability that varied weekly. Therefore there is either no treatment or an in effective treatment of the effluents. This could result to serious environmental problems in the near future.
Attenuation of methyl red dyestuff in water was assessed by COD reduction after contacting the solution with biocarbons produced by one-pot pyrolysis of sopping Nipa palm leaf biomass in H2O (physically-modified biocarbon: PMB), H3PO4 (acid-modified biocarbon: AMB) and KOH (base-modified biocarbon: BMB). Physicochemical characterization of the biocarbons were investigated and the result for BMB were carbon yield (46.6 ± 0.21 %), porosity (79%), iodine number (814 mg/g), surface area (681 m 2 /g) and pH (6.41 ± 0.11 to 7.81 ± 0.12). Optimal COD reduction for methyl red in water by PMB, AMB, BMB compared with CAC were 82.7%, 76.7 %, 83.5 %, and 93.3 % respectively. Langmuir isotherm model was used to predict the maximum COD reduction capacity of the biocarbons and CAC (PMB: 2.15 mg/g, AMB: 8.73 mg/g, BMB: 11.83 mg/g and CAC: 62.60 mg/g). Thermodynamic assessment of the data based on Gibb's free energy (∆G o ) revealed that ∆G o values were negative (-1.31 to -5.89 kJ/mol) and relatively low (<< -20 kJ/mol), which indicated spontaneous nature requiring minimal energy. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed to validate the COD degradation capacity for methyl red in water amongst the biocarbons revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusively, Nipa palm could be a favorable source to derive eco-friendly and locally accessible biocarbon for mitigation of organic contaminants in water. ©JASEM
The need for emerging materials based on nano-composites from green plants, or non-useful materials for adsorption process is on the increase. The objective of this research was to evaluate the phytosynthesis and characterization of iron nano-composites (Fe.NCs) formed by aqueous and ethanol extracts of Irvingia gabonensis (Ogbono) tree leaves. The composites were characterized by visual observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Visual observation of the iron oxide nano-composites synthesized was confirmed by change in colour from yellow to brown within minutes of formation. The FTIR characterization showed that, phenolic groups were involved in the phytosynthesis of the iron nano-composites with the presence of –OH and –NH groups at 3348.54cm-1 and -C-N- group at 1635.69 cm-1 for aqueous extract and broad band of –OH and -NH stretch at 3363.97cm-1 and -C-H-stretch at 2978-2901.04cm-1 attributed to alkanes in alcohol extract. There was also –OH stretch at 2885.60cm-1 and Fe-O group at 671.25cm-1 in Fe. NCs with Fe-O stretch observed at 583.33cm-1 in I. gabonensis iron nano-composite. Cube-like structures, irregular shapes and sizes with individual, spherical particles forming aggregates and chains were revealed by the SEM micrographs, these are recognized attributes of strong magnetic properties of iron. The particle sizes are 30 and 45 nm for aqueous and alcohol extracts respectively, which could provide large surface area for contaminant adsorption. Conclusively, photosynthesis of Fe. NCs using water and ethanol extracts of I. gabonensis (Ogbono leaves) could be an effective one-step pathway for nano-composite production from eco-friendly, safe and less toxic green plant material.
Five composite samples of waste water were collected from waste water tank of a vegetable oil refining company and were analyzed for physiochemical characteristics, heavy metal and organic pollutants. Physicochemical determinations were done according to standard methods; heavy metals were determined by use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method while organic pollutants were determined by Gas chromatography system HP 6890 series. Sulphate was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method while phosphates and chlorides were determined by argentometric method. Results reveal that effluent pH (4.67 ±0.015), salinity (125 ±4.50 %) and BOD5 (17.83 ±1.70 mg/l) were bellow WHO standard whereas TDS (127.7 ±5.77 mg/l), TSS (563.6 ±3.15 mg/l) and COD (3959 ±3.8 mg/l) were above WHO standards. Heavy metal pollution index (0.31) showed no multi-element contamination arising from effluent. The degree of contamination (1.84) showed that the effluent has a moderate polluting potential. Lower molecular weight PAHs showed a significant difference even though most of the organic compounds in vegetable oil refinery wastewater showed good biodegradability that varied weekly. Therefore there is either no treatment or an in effective treatment of the effluents. This could result to serious environmental problems in the near future.
River sediments act as pollutant sinks resulting in changes in physicochemical properties of the sediment which eventually impacts the quality of overlying waters. This study examined some physicochemical parameters in sediments from Maa-Dee-Tai River system in Sogho Community, Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. Data obtained revealed that the physicochemical parameters recorded given in range, mean and standard deviation were total organic carbon TOC [(3.88±0.10-4.13±0.04 (3.92±0.18) %], pH [4.99±0.015-5.39±0.042 (5.18±0.037)], conductivity ([174.8±2.81-79.25±45.8 (127.5±21.90) µS/cm], Cl-[7.35±0.32-9.18±0.388 (8.28±0.42) mg/Kg], salinity ([12.2±0.46-15.18±0.917 (13.7±0.70) mg/Kg], NO3- [0.77±0.1-0.841±0.066 (0.81±0.08) mg/Kg] and PO43- [7.12±0.05-7.96±0.33(7.44±0.21 mg/Kg)] respectively. Sediment particle size distribution indicate that the river bed has a higher proportion of clay [clay (82±1.12%) > silt (9.33%) > sand (6.58%)]. Considering the physicochemical characteristics of the River system, it was revealed that the River is acidic and has high level of phosphate which could be a pointer to increased growth of algae and large aquatic plants. This study is timely since the Maa-Dee-Tai River system in Sogho Community, Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria has no published report on its environmental status. Hence, the present research is to provide baseline data for developing water and sediment quality index of the coastal zone in the Songo territorial waters. This River is not a recipient of any industrial and municipal wastes and therefore strict environmental policies should be enacted by the community leaders to maintain the natural state of the river system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.