Wound dressing is an important tool for wound management. Designing wound dressings by combining various novel materials and drugs to optimize the peri-wound environment and promote wound healing is a novel concept. Hydrogels feature good ductility, high water content, and favorable oxygen transport, which makes them become some of the most promising materials for wound dressings. In addition, nanomaterials exhibit superior biodegradability, biocompatibility, and colloidal stability in wound healing and can play a role in promoting healing through their nanoscale properties or as carriers of other drugs. By combining the advantages of both technologies, several outstanding and efficient wound dressings have been developed. In this paper, we classify nano-based hydrogel dressings into four categories: hydrogel dressings loaded with a nanoantibacterial drug; hydrogel dressings loaded with oxygen-delivering nanomedicines; hydrogel dressings loaded with nanonucleic acid drugs; and hydrogel dressings loaded with other nanodelivered drugs. The design ideas, advantages, and challenges of these nano-based hydrogel wound dressings are reviewed and analyzed. Finally, we envisaged possible future directions for wound dressings in the context of relevant scientific and technological advances, which we hope will inform further research in wound management.
Background: This study aimed to assess the Caprini score in predicting venous thromboembolism (VTE) events and develop a risk assessment model to predict the occurrence of short-term VTE after colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: The study included 181 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery at Beijing Friendship Hospital, from October 2020 to May 2022. The results of the Caprini score 24 h after surgery were recorded to evaluate its predictive value. Multifactorial staging was used to determine independent risk factors for VTE, and nomogram models were constructed based on these factors. Sixty-one patients at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were used for external validation. Results: The incidence of VTE after colorectal cancer was 17.6% in 32 patients. Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.106, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.049–1.167, P < 0.001), sex (female) (OR 2.981, 95% CI 1.176–7.557, P = 0.021), and cardiovascular disease [CVD] (OR 5.611, 95% CI 2.043–15.413, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE. The nomogram model showed good predictive performance (area under the curve [AUC], 0.837 [95% CI, 0.762–0.917]; Nagelkerke R2, 0.347; Brier score, 0.106) compared with the Caprini score (AUC, 0.760 [95% CI, 0.674–0.847]; Nagelkerke R2, 0.104; Brier score, 0.131). The decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram model had a better net clinical benefit. Conclusions: The Caprini score is moderately efficient in predicting the occurrence of VTE after colorectal cancer surgery, and the 3-item nomogram model can be used as a predictive tool in VTE prevention decisions after colorectal cancer surgery.
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