A chitosan layer was covalently bonded to a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface using a simple facile selfassembly method to address inadequate biological activity and infection around the implant. The surface characterization, layer degradation, biological activity, and antibacterial adhesion properties of chitosan-modified PEEK (PEEK-CS) were studied. Through chitosan grafting, the surface morphology changed, the surface roughness increased, and the contact angle decreased significantly. PEEK-CS boosted cell adhesion, proliferation, increased alkaline phosphate activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and expression of osteogenic genes. PEEK-CS demonstrated less adhesion to Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as less bacterial adhesion to P. gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. According to our findings, chitosan modification significantly improved the osteogenic ability and antibacterial adhesion of PEEK in vitro.
Chitosan is a multifunctional biopolymer that is widely used in the food and medical fields because of its good antibacterial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibiting activity and its degradability. The biological activity of chitosan as a new food preservation material has gradually become a hot research topic. This paper reviews recent research on the bioactive mechanism of chitosan and introduces strategies for modifying and applying chitosan for food preservation and different preservation techniques to explore the potential application value of active chitosan-based food packaging. Finally, issues and perspectives on the role of chitosan in enhancing the freshness of food products are presented to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for subsequent research.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is potential implant material for dental application due to its excellent mechanical properties and low elasticity modulus. However, its biological inertia results in weak osseointegration between implants and bone tissue, which limited its clinical application. In this study, amino groups were covalently grafted on the PEEK surface using a simple facile self-assembly method to address its poor osteogenic ability. The surface characterization, cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on bare PEEK and amino-modified PEEK (PEEK-APTES) were studied. After grafting amino groups onto the PEEK, the surface morphology changed, the contact angle decreased significantly. The PEEK-APTES showed boosted cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, and expression of osteogenic genes in MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings suggested that amino modification significantly improved the biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of PEEK in vitro.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a potential implant material for dental application due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, its biological inertness and poor osteoinductive ability limited its clinical application. Based on a lay-by-layer self-assembly technique, here we incorporated casein phosphopeptide (CPP) onto PEEK surface by a simple two-step strategy to address the poor osteoinductive ability of PEEK implants. In this study, the PEEK specimens were positively charged by 3-ammoniumpropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modification, then the CPP was adsorbed onto the positively charged PEEK surface electrostatically to obtain CPP-modified PEEK (PEEK-CPP) specimens. The surface characterization, layer degradation, biocompatibility and osteoinductive ability of the PEEK-CPP specimens were studied in vitro. After CPP modification, the PEEK-CPP specimens had a porous and hydrophilic surface and presented enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings indicated that CPP modification could significantly improve the biocompatibility and osteoinductive ability of PEEK-CPP implants in vitro. In a word, CPP modification is a promising strategy for the PEEK implants to achieve osseointegration.
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