We combined reflection difference microscopy, electron transport measurements, and atomic force microscopy to characterize the mechanical and electrical anisotropy of few-layer black phosphorus. We were able to identify the lattice orientations of the two-dimensional material and construct suspended structures aligned with specific crystal axes. The approach allowed us to probe the anisotropic mechanical and electrical properties along each lattice axis in separate measurements. We measured the Young's modulus of few-layer black phosphorus to be 58.6 ± 11.7 and 27.2 ± 4.1 GPa in zigzag and armchair directions. The breaking stress scaled almost linearly with the Young's modulus and was measured to be 4.79 ± 1.43 and 2.31 ± 0.71 GPa in the two directions. We have also observed highly anisotropic transport behavior in black phosphorus and derived the conductance anisotropy to be 63.7%. The test results agreed well with theoretical predictions. Our work provided very valuable experimental data and suggested an effective characterization means for future studies on black phosphorus and anisotropic two-dimensional nanomaterials in general.
The molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide@polyaniline (MoS2/RGO@PANI) was facilely and effectively prepared through a two-stage synthetic method including hydrothermal and polymerized reactions. The rational combination of two components allowed polyaniline (PANI) to uniformly cover the outer face of molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide (MoS2/RGO). The interaction between the two initial electrode materials produced a synergistic effect and resulted in outstanding energy storage performance in terms of greatest capacitive property (1224 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1)), good rate (721 F g(-1) at 20 A g(-1)), and cyclic performance (82.5% remaining content after 3000 loops). The symmetric cell with MoS2/RGO@PANI had a good capacitive property (160 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1)) and energy and power density (22.3 W h kg (-1) and 5.08 kW kg(-1)).
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