A literatura sugere que o aumento dos níveis de CO2 nas próximas décadas terá consequências positivas no conteúdo nutricional e na produtividade das culturas agrícolas. No entanto, os efeitos do aumento do CO2 são pouco conhecidos nas regiões Andinas. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do aumento de CO2 no conteúdo de proteína e no crescimento de plantas de beterraba e alface na região andina da Colômbia. O estudo foi conduzido em um Delineamento Blocos Casualizados onde a faixa 1 foi campo aberto, a faixa 2 foi o com concentrações de CO2 ambiental e faixa 3 foi o túnel baixo com aumento da concentração de CO2 de 1000 ppm. As avaliações em beterraba foram realizadas em três safras. Os resultados indicam que a fertilização com CO2 não teve efeito significativo na produtividade e no diâmetro da cabeça da alface. Por outro lado, a produção de biomassa teve uma tendência a aumentar na primeira safra de beterraba, mas diminui significativamente nas duas últimas safras, provavelmente devido às características de cumprimento curtas em altitudes mais elevadas que influencia as fixações de CO2, como também das condições climáticas nestas regiões que podem alterar o crescimento das plantas. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento do CO2 atmosférico devido às mudanças climáticas não trará nenhum benefício na produtividade das comodities agrícolas Andinas.
Molecular phenotypes induced by environmental stimuli can be transmitted to offspring through epigenetic inheritance. Using transcriptome profiling, we show that the adaptation of Helicoverpa armigera larvae to soybean peptidase inhibitors (SPIs) is associated with large-scale gene expression changes including the upregulation of genes encoding serine peptidases in the digestive system. Furthermore, approximately 60% of the gene expression changes induced by SPIs persisted in the next generation of larvae fed on SPI-free diets including genes encoding regulatory, oxidoreductase, and protease functions. To investigate the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating SPI adaptation, the methylome of the digestive system of first-generation larvae (fed on a diet with and without SPIs) and of the progeny of larvae exposed to SPIs were characterized. A comparative analysis between RNA-seq and Methyl-seq data did not show a direct relationship between differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes, while trypsin and chymotrypsin genes were unmethylated in all treatments. Rather, DNA methylation potential epialleles were associated with transcriptional and translational controls; these may play a regulatory role in the adaptation of H. armigera to SPIs. Altogether, our findings provided insight into the mechanisms of insect adaptation to plant antiherbivore defense proteins and illustrated how large-scale transcriptional reprograming of insect genes can be transmitted across generations.
Genetic editing has many applications in almost all areas of society, but may also lead to unpredictable consequences. Genome editing to modify the human germline is at the center of global discussion. Owing to the increasing number of unanswered scientific, ethical, and policy questions, the scientific community agrees that it would be inappropriate to genetically modify embryos. A serious and open debate is necessary to decide whether such research should be suspended or encouraged. Here we show some bold arguments in favor of deleting deleterious genes from the human genome and the risks liberal eugenism poses.
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