Taurids are an extensive stream of particles produced by comet 2P/Encke, which can be observed mainly in October and November as a series of meteor showers rich in bright fireballs. Several near-Earth asteroids have also been linked with the meteoroid complex, and recently the orbits of two carbonaceous meteorites were proposed to be related to the stream, raising interesting questions about the origin of the complex and the composition of 2P/Encke. Our aim is to investigate the nature and diversity of Taurid meteoroids by studying their spectral, orbital, and physical properties determined from video meteor observations. Here we analyze 33 Taurid meteor spectra captured during the predicted outburst in November 2015 by stations in Slovakia and Chile, including 14 multi-station observations for which the orbital elements, material strength parameters, dynamic pressures, and mineralogical densities were determined. It was found that while orbits of the 2015 Taurids show similarities with several associated asteroids, the obtained spectral and physical characteristics point towards cometary origin with highly heterogeneous content. Observed spectra exhibited large dispersion of iron content and significant Na intensity in all cases. The determined material strengths are typically cometary in the K B classification, while P E criterion is on average close to values characteristic for carbonaceous bodies. The studied meteoroids were found to break up under low dynamic pressures of 0.02 -0.10 MPa, and were characterized by low mineralogical densities of 1.3 -2.5 g cm -3 . The widest spectral classification of Taurid meteors to date is presented.
Aims. We investigate the spectra, material properties, and orbital distribution of millimeter-to decimeter-sized meteoroids. Our study aims to distinguish the characteristics of populations of differently sized meteoroids and reveal the heterogeneity of identified meteoroid streams. We verify the surprisingly large ratio of pure iron meteoroids on asteroidal orbits detected among mm-sized bodies. Methods. Emission spectra and multi-station meteor trajectories were collected within the AMOS network observations. The sample is based on 202 meteors of -1 to -14 magnitude, corresponding to meteoroids of mm to dm sizes. Meteoroid composition is studied by spectral classification based on relative intensity ratios of Na, Mg, and Fe and corresponding monochromatic light curves. Heliocentric orbits, trajectory parameters, and material strengths inferred from empirical K B and P E parameters were determined for 146 meteoroids.Results. An overall increase of Na content compared to the population of mm-sized meteoroids was detected, reflecting weaker effects of space weathering processes on larger meteoroids. The preservation of volatiles in larger meteoroids is directly observed. We report a very low ratio of pure iron meteoroids and the discovery of a new spectral group of Fe-rich meteors. The majority of meteoroids on asteroidal orbits were found to be chondritic. Thermal processes causing Na depletion and physical processes resulting in Na-rich spectra are described and linked to characteristically increased material strengths. Numerous major and minor shower meteors were identified in our sample, revealing various degrees of heterogeneity within Halley-type, ecliptical, and sungrazing meteoroid streams. Our results imply a scattered composition of the fragments of comet 2P/Encke and 109P/Swift-Tuttle. The largest disparities were detected within α-Capricornids of the inactive comet 169P/NEAT and δ-Aquarids of the sungrazing 96P/Machholz. We also find a spectral similarity between κ-Cygnids and Taurids, which could imply a similar composition of the parent objects of the two streams.A&A proofs: manuscript no. AA_2019_36093_p Fig. 1: Slovak part of the global AMOS network. Observations of the AMOS-Spec and AMOS stations by the Astronomical and Geophysical Observatory in Modra (AGO), Arborétum Tesárske Mlyňany (ARBO), Kysucké Nové Mesto (KNM), and Važec (VAZ) were used in this work. Red, green, and blue labels designate operating standard AMOS cameras, spectral stations, and planned stations.low-resolution meteor spectra , the rough composition (chondritic, achondritic, metallic) can be identified. We attempt to verify this hypothesis and try to look for additional information about the meteoroid nature and structure that can be revealed from determined orbital and atmospheric parameters.One of the most surprising results of the study by Borovička et al. (2005) was the large number of the detected pure-iron meteoroids, suggesting that iron meteoroids prevail among mmsized meteoroids on asteroidal orbits. These results are...
Cooperation and data sharing among national networks and International Meteor Organization Video Meteor Database (IMO VMDB) resulted in European viDeo MeteOr Network Database (EDMOND). The current version of the database (EDMOND 5.0) contains 144 751 orbits collected from 2001 to 2014. In our survey we used EDMOND database in order to identify existing and new meteor showers in the database. In the first step of the survey, using Dsh criterion we found groups around each meteor within similarity threshold. Mean parameters of the groups were calculated and compared using a new function based on geocentric parameters (solar longitude, right ascension, declination, and geocentric velocity). Similar groups were merged into final clusters (representing meteor showers), and compared with IAU Meteor Data Center list of meteor showers. This paper presents the results obtained by the proposed methodology.Comment: to be published in A&A; presented at the ACM 2014 conference, Helsinki, Finlan
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