Protein kinase C was found to be significantly over-expressed in cancer samples compared to adjacent normal cervical tissues by proteomics in our previous study. The aim of this study was to examine protein kinase C expression and to analyze the expression patterns of protein kinase C isoforms in squamous cervical cancer at the protein levels and their associations with clinical and pathologic factors of squamous cervical cancer. First, Western blotting was used to examine protein kinase C expression in the specimens of tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues which were collected from 12 patients with squamous cervical cancer. Protein kinase C isoforms (α, δ, θ and ζ) expression were then detected by immunohistochemistry in other 43 cases of squamous cervical cancer tissues, 32 cases of corresponding adjacent normal cervical squamous epithelial tissue and 31 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Western blot analysis revealed that protein kinase C expression was positive in squamous cervical cancer while it was not expressed in normal cervical tissues. On the other hand, immunohistochemical analysis suggested that, protein kinase C isoforms (α, δ, θ and ζ) expression was significantly higher in squamous cervical cancer compared to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, as well as in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with normal tissues, respectively.High levels of protein kinase C α expression were associated with cellular differentiation(P<0.05). Protein kinase C δ was significantly associated with tumor stage (P<0.05) and protein kinase C ζ was associated with lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that protein kinase C isoforms expression in cervical lesions was associated with carcinogenesis and might play important roles throughout the process of cervical cancer development.
Our aim was to compare serum levels of selected biological parameters in different phases of multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to determine their diagnostic and prognostic potential. A cohort of 234 individuals was assessed for serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), syndecan-1/CD138 (SYN), and osteopontin (OPN). The patients with MM (N = 156) were divided into 3 groups: at the time of diagnosis (N = 45), in relapse/progression (N = 56), and in remission (N = 50). The analysis revealed significant differences of all three parameters in comparison of active and remission phase MM. Moreover, the parameters in active myeloma were significantly higher than in MGUS. Within the comparison of active disease (newly diagnosed and relapsing), there was no significant difference. Similar results were in remission phase MM and MGUS. There was no relationship of pretreatment levels of the parameters to therapeutic response. We conclude that serum levels of HGF, OPN, and SYN correspond to the activity of MM and might become useful in differentiation of MGUS, asymptomatic MM, and overt/symptomatic form of MM. The levels of all three parameters behave accordingly with MM activity. Pretreatment measurement without the assessment of their kinetics, however, has no relationship to therapeutic response.
The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in intima-media thickness (IMT) and myocardial perfusion in association with other laboratory risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients treated with therapy that targeted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). IMT, myocardial perfusion and laboratory risk factors of atherosclerosis were studied in 58 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma or metastatic renal cell carcinoma prior to and at 3-monthly intervals during anti-VEGF treatment. Compared with the pretreatment IMT, the results indicated that the IMT was consistently increased during therapy in the two patient groups. Patient blood pressure and concentration of troponin T increased transiently. An increase in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in the concentrations of C-reactive protein and homocysteine were also observed. Novel myocardial ischemia was evident in individual patients. In conclusion, anti-VEGF therapy affects the laboratory risk factors of atherosclerosis and results in an acceleration of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by increased IMT.
Background:The aim of the present paper was to examine the correlation between serum concentrations of 12 soluble biological markers and stages of myeloma evaluated according to the Durie-Salmon (D-S) and International Prognostic Index (IPI) stratification systems.Methods: We analyzed a non-pretreated group of 179 patients with MM stratified according to D-S and IPI. Serum levels of soluble biological markers were evaluated using ELISA, REA and quantitative sandwich enzymatic immunoassays. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results: The staging system according to D-S revealed a highly significant relationship between all stages (I-III) in case of β 2 -m (p<0.0001) and sTK (p<0.001), in sICTP a significant difference was found only in stages II vs III (p<0.001) and I vs III (p<0.001), in case of sCD 138 (syndecan-1) in stages I vs II (p = 0.006) and I vs III (p<0.001), in sVEGF only in stages I vs III (p = 0.006). In substages A vs B we found a significant difference in case of β 2 -m (p<0.0001), sTK (p = 0.041), sICTP (p 0.0001), sOSP (p = 0.008), sHGF (p<0.001), sCD138 (p = 0.001) and sFas (p= 0.001). The relationship between other factors and stages and substages according to D-S appeared nonsignificant. The IPI system showed a highly significant relationship between all 3 categories (1-3) in case of β 2 -m (p<0.001), sTK (p<0.0001) and sICTP (p<0.0001), while in sHGF only in stages 2 vs 3 (p<0.0001) and 1 vs 3 (p<0.0001). In 4 parameters there were only discrete differences in 1 vs 3: sPINP (p= 0.036), sOSP (p= 0.002), sCD 138 (p = 0.03) and sFas (p=0.012), in the remaining markers the analysis was negative.Conclusions: A highly convincing relationship between myeloma stages and serum levels was found only in β 2 -m, sTK, sICTP and partly also in sCD 138 (syndecan-1) and sHGF. More favourable was the IPI stratification system.
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