Residents of Raja Ampat, Papua, have been practicing sasi for generations to manage local marine resources. Recognizing its importance for marine resource conservation, efforts have been made to integrate sasi into current conservation management approach. This study was carried out with 3 objectives: (1) to define and elaborate sasi; (2) to examine the benefits of sasi for conservation of marine resources; and (3) to evaluate the change of sasi in the context of conservation. Multi-method approaches were employed to collect data from local communities in Dampier Strait District MPA in 2 separate sampling periods. Results indicated that sasi in Raja Ampat could generally be categorized into samson or kabus which basically reflect different aspects such as location, type of commodity, implementing ceremony, period of closure, the influence of monsoons, and communal ownership. The benefits identified included the increase in target fish production, the lowered level of exploitation, the improved recovery of fish stocks, and the increase in the local people's income. From the modern conservation management point of view, it was obvious that sasi could help protect and sustain marine biological resources. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate sasi into modern conservation management practices and vice versa.
Raja Ampat has biodiversity in marine waters so it qualifies as a conservation area as well as a tourism destination. The number of tourist visits to this area has increased significantly, from 998 people in 2007 to 29,653 people in 2016. Increasing number of tourists have become a threat if the behavior of tourist are not concerned on the environment sustainability and damage the attractions for diving. Assessment of the carrying capacity of the area becomes an important factor to know for sure the maximum number of visitors that can be accommodated by the region at any given time without causing disturbance to the environment and human. The study was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. Data collection of dive sites was conducted by measuring the extent of coral reefs, coral slope, coral reef condition, and water depth. Calculation of carrying capacity used is Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC) and Real Carrying Capacity (RCC). There are 15 main dive sites frequented by divers. The number of people allowed to dive based on physical carrying capacity ranges from 20 to 500 diver/day, for Actual carrying capacity (RCC) of 14 - 335 diver/day. Locations that have the lowest carrying capacity on The Passage site and highest on the Melissa Garden site. The process of integrating dive attractions with other tours and monitoring of travel activities is a key factor in the sustainability of Raja Ampat regency tourism.
Physical and (bio)chemical processes in the catchment as well as internal lake processes influence the composition of lacustrine sediments. Lake internal processes are a consequence of reactions and fluxes between sediment, porewater and the water column. Due to its separation into four interconnected sub-basins, Lake Sentani, Papua Province, Indonesia, is a unique tropical lake that reveals a wide range of geochemical conditions. The highly diverse geological catchment causes mineralogical and chemical differentiation of the sediment input into each sub-basin. Also, strong morphological differences between the sub-basins result in a unique water column structure for each sub-basin, ranging from fully mixed to meromictic. Given the strong differences in sediment composition and bottom water chemistry among the four sub-basins, Lake Sentani offers a unique chance to study multiple lacustrine systems under identical climate conditions and with a common surface water chemistry. We used sediment cores and water samples and measured physicochemical water column profiles to reveal the geochemical characteristics of the water column, the sediment and pore water for all four sub-basins of Lake Sentani. The chemical composition of the sediment reveals differentiation among the sub-basins according to their sediment input and water column structure. Catchment lithology mainly affects overall sediment composition, whereas pore water chemistry is also affected by water column structure, which is related to basin morphology and water depth. In the meromictic sub-basins the bottom water and sediment pore water appear to form a single continuous system, whereas in those sub-basins with oxygenated bottom water the sediment-water interface forms a pronounced chemical barrier.
In Indonesia, flyingfish are abundant and distributed in Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, Banda Sea, Sulawesi Sea, Maluku Sea, Arafura, Northern Sea of Papua, and Halmahera. The aims of this study were to analyse and describe the characteristics of flyingfish habitat, based on oceanographic conditions and eggs catches, and to visualize the variability in spatial and temporal patterns of predicted potential spawning grounds. The research was conducted in Fak-Fak and adjacent seas in the Indonesian Fisheries Area WPP 715, from 130°−134° E and 2°S−5° S. Data were collected during 2018 for selected months: June, July, August and September. Remote sensing data used in this study included chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) OCI-Algorithm, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) 11μ daytime, Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT), Significant Wave Height and Ocean Surface Current (meridian and zonal components). Fishery data were collected from fishermen’s GPS units, and through participatory mapping. Based on the mapping of fishing locations of flyingfish fishermen, there were four locations where fishing frequency was high. The potential fishing grounds were approximately 5-40 miles from mainland of Fak-Fak. Chlorophyll-a concentration in Fak-Fak waters ranged from 0.201–2.13 mg/m3. The temperature was estimated to be in the range of 27-31°C, with an average temperature of 27.1°C. ADT only changed by 0.01 cm in height each month with a range between 0.88–1.02 cm. Wind was one of the driving forces of geostrophic current. The waves reached a peak in August, with heights ranging from 0.70 to 1.6 metre. Flyingfish were predominantly found in oceanic zones.
Squid (Loligo sp.) is one of the fisheries commodities caught in Manokwari waters. The aim of this study was to determine the biological aspects of Loligo sp. including the sex ratio, size distribution, growth pattern, and the lengthy relationship of Loligo sp. from Manokwari waters. This research was conducted in January until March 2017, in three landing sites of squid (Loligo sp) namely Fanindi Pantai, Borobudur and Arowi village. The method used is observation technique in the laboratory includes measurements of length and weight to find out the size distribution and growth pattern of captured Loligo sp. and surgery to determine the sex ratio. The male-female sex ratio of Loligo sp. was 1.3: 1.0 with a range of coat length and wight dominated by male. The growth pattern of Loligo sp in Manokwari waters is negative allometric, where the length increase is faster than the weight gain.
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