Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied with regard to their potential use in cell therapy protocols and regenerative medicine. However, a better comprehension about the factors and molecular mechanisms driving cell differentiation is now mandatory to improve our chance to manipulate MSC behavior and to benefit future applications. In this work, we aimed to study gene regulatory networks at an early step of osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, we analyzed both the total mRNA and the mRNA fraction associated with polysomes on human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) at 24 h of osteogenesis induction. The RNA-seq results evidenced that hASC fate is not compromised with osteogenesis at this time and that 21 days of continuous cell culture stimuli are necessary for full osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Furthermore, early stages of osteogenesis induction involved gene regulation that was linked to the management of cell behavior in culture, such as the control of cell adhesion and proliferation. In conclusion, although discrete initial gene regulation related to osteogenesis occur, the first 24 h of induction is not sufficient to trigger and drive in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hASCs.
Nodules are tumors that may present cystic or solid content. That benign mammary feature constitutes up to 80% of all palpable lumps existent in women. Among these nodules, fibroadenoma is the most common in women aged between 15 and 35 years old. Thus, it's important for the scientific community and the population to the study parameters, such as the growth of young people that presents mammary nodules, the risk factors, the most frequent types in young women, as well as the diagnostic description. This study has an exploratory qualitative approach, done through an integrative revision of the scientific literature available in Portuguese and foreign languages from 1988 to 2020 about mammary nodules in young women. The importance of carrying out this research is justified by the analysis of the mammary nodule incidence in young women over the years, and thereat verify if there were precursor wounds of mammary cancer. Therefore it is possible to find if there is an increase in its incidence and perform an early diagnosis to attend to the antecedence of the symptoms of this benign disease. In addition, if there is a history that biases the increase of cancer risk in the future, it's possible to prevent it based on the identification of high-risk lumps. This topic has an authentic profile, with no referent article, and has not been discussed in the existent platforms, so it makes this relevant and innovative
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