Due to new possibilities for using sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) trash for electricity generation, and the production of 2 nd generation ethanol and others chemicals, the interest for its recovery has increased. However, the question of how much trash can be removed from sugarcane field still needs to be clarified. This study evaluated the amount of dry matter, nutrients content, structural compounds and efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the hydrothermal pretreated materials for tops and dry leaves in samples from sugarcane varieties. Tops and dry leaves present differences in nutrients content and moisture. Therefore, the amount of trash to be collected should not be simply based on percentages, but also should take into account the different fractions of the crop residues. For instance, around 80 % of N, P and K were derived from tops. Therein, the environmental indicators of the entire chain of sugarcane could be benefited because more nutrients would be recycled and less mineral fertilizers might be used for sugarcane production if tops are left on the field. Further, the tops have seven times more moisture than dry leaves and higher amounts of extractives (organic compounds of low molecular weight). Moreover, as the result of yield obtained in the pretreatment steps for dry leaves were superior to the tops and the glucose yields obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis step were similar, it can be predicted that for second generation ethanol production, it is more viable to recover parts of the dry leaves fraction, leaving the tops on the field.
A área de cana colhida mecanicamente tem crescido, sobretudo em regiões com relevo até 12% de declividade, principalmente por ser essa uma forma de viabilizar a colheita de cana-de-açúcar crua a um custo competitivo. A adoção desse sistema introduz certos inconvenientes, tais como: aumento dos índices de matéria estranha na carga, o que, por sua vez, implica a redução da qualidade tecnológica da matéria-prima fornecida para moagem, e perdas de colmos e/ou frações no campo. A tentativa de reduzir tais índices, por meio do aumento da velocidade de saída de ar dos extratores das colhedoras, pode aumentar as perdas de matéria-prima em níveis inaceitáveis economicamente. Este trabalho avaliou o nível de perdas visíveis de lascas de cana, por meio do extrator primário da colhedora, para duas rotações do ventilador, monitorado por sensor de perdas de cana desenvolvido especialmente para esse fim. Em seguida, essas perdas foram relacionadas com a eficiência de limpeza da colhedora. Os resultados mostraram que a eficiência de limpeza do extrator primário (cerca de 85%), as perdas de cana-de-açúcar em geral (entre 5,68% e 2,51%) e a velocidade do ventilador estão diretamente relacionados. As perdas (totais), e principalmente lascas (entre 3,91% e 0,91%), apontaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos estudados.
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