-ORIGINAL ARTICLEEXPERIMENTAL ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To determine the effects of green propolis extracted in L-lysine (WSDP) and of L-lysine for 40 weeks on induced rat bladder carcinogenesis. METHODS:The animals (groups I, II, III, IV, V and VI) received BBN during 14 weeks. Group I was treated with propolis 30 days prior received BBN, and then these animals were treated daily with propolis; Groups II and III was treated with subcutaneous and oral propolis (respectively) concurrently with BBN. The animals of Group IV were treated L-lysine; Group V received water subcutaneous;and Group VI received only to BBN. Among the animals not submitted to carcinogenesis induction, Group VII received propolis, Group VIII received L-lysine and Group IX received water. RESULTS:The carcinoma incidence in Group I was lower than that of control (Group VI). The carcinoma multiplicity in Group IV was greater than in Group VI. All animals treated with L-lysine developed carcinomas, and they were also more invasive in Group IV than in controls. On the other hand, Group VIII showed no bladder lesions. CONCLUSION:The WSDP is chemopreventive against rat bladder carcinogenesis, if administered 30 days prior to BBN , and that L-lysine causes promotion of bladder carcinogenesis.

This is the first report of a consistent model of IRI-induced NASH capable of mimicking clinical findings.

PURPOSE:To determine the effects of water-soluble derivative of green propolis in bladder cancer angiogenesis in rats given N-butyl-(-4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). METHODS:Nine groups were established, where six of them (Groups 1 to 6), the animals received 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 14 weeks. From the 32nd to the 40th week, Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were treated respectively with water, L-lysine (300 mg/kg/ day), celecoxib (30 mg/kg/day) and propolis (300 mg/kg/day). Groups 5 and 6 were given propolis and L-lysine from the 1st to the 40th week (150 mg/kg/day). Microvascular density was determined by histological sections stained for the marker CD-31 and analyzed with specific software. RESULTS:The microvascular density in bladder carcinomas was lower (p<0.01) in rats receiving propolis than in controls given carcinogen only. On the other hand, the microvascular density of tumors in rats receiving carcinogen and L-lysine for 40 weeks from the beginning of carcinogen treatment was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the corresponding controls. -Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira -Vol. 27 (8) 2012de beber por 14 semanas. Na 32ª semana das 40 semanas, os grupos 1, 2, 3 e 4 foram tratados respectivamente com água, L lisina (300 mg/kg/dia), celecoxibe (30 mg/kg/dia) e própolis (300 mg/kg/dia). Os grupos 5 e 6 receberam própolis e L lisina da 1ª a 40ª semana (150 mg/ kg/dia). A densidade microvascular foi determinada por cortes histológicos corados pelo CD-31 e analisados por programa de computador específico. RESULTADOS:A densidade microvascular em carcinomas de bexiga foi menor com p<0,01 nos ratos que receberam própolis do que nos carcinomas do grupo controle que recebeu apenas carcinógeno. Por outro lado, a densidade microvascular de tumores de ratos que receberam carcinógeno e L-Lisina por 40 semanas desde o início do carcinógeno foi significantemente maior com p<0,01 que a densidade microvascular dos tumores de seu respectivo grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO:A própolis verde solúvel em água inibiu a angiogênese em câncer de bexiga induzido pelo BBN, enquanto a L-lisina estimulou a angiogênese quando iniciada juntamente com o BBN.

A incidência de câncer gástrico espontâneo em ratos é extremamente rara. Por outro lado, embora o câncer experimental de estômago possa ser induzido por carcinógenos químicos, através da ressecção da região fúndica do estômago, pela vagotomia ou pelo refluxo, esses métodos apresentam um percentual de desenvolvimento tumoral baixo e errático. Além disso, geralmente decorre um longo período de tempo até o pleno crescimento do tumor. O presente trabalho procurou estabelecer um modelo de tumor experimental de crescimento rápido, uniforme e com elevado índice de pega, que permitisse a avaliação de novas terapêuticas para o tratamento do câncer gástrico. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma suspensão de células do carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker que foi inoculada no estômago através de uma cânula orogástrica. A implantação ocorreu na mucosa previamente lesionada por clampeadura da parede, nas regiões da junção esôfago-gástrica, pequena curvatura e grande curvatura. O crescimento tumoral ocorreu em todos os animais e, embora na junção esôfago-gástrica a incidência de pega tenha sido de apenas 20%, possivelmente em função do epitélio queratinizado, na pequena curvatura a incidência foi de 80% e na grande curvatura todos os animais apresentaram tumor. Esses dados demonstraram que é possível implantar o tumor em 100% dos animais inoculados, o que comprova a exequibilidade da técnica. A vantagem dessa metodologia sobre as outras já descritas na literatura, também usando o carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker, é que o tumor cresce a partir da mucosa, reproduzindo as condições de desenvolvimento do tumor gástrico espontâneo. A média de sobrevida dos animais inoculados é de 13,2±1,98 dias. Além disso, como o tumor se desenvolve em todos os animais inoculados, pode-se dispensar métodos radiológicos e ultra-sonográficos para evidenciar a sua presença. Trata-se, portanto, de um método simples e eficaz e que possibilita a implantação do tumor em um grande número de animais, facilitando, inclusive, o estudo do tumor em diversas fases do seu desenvolvimento, testes de novos fármacos e esquemas terapêuticos.
The spontaneous incidence of gastric cancer in rat is extremely low. Furthermore, the development of this type of cancer induced by chemical carcinogens, fundic resection, vagotomy or reflux is very low, erratic and takes several months. The present work developed a relatively easy and reliable method for topical implantation of a fast growth tumor in the rat gastric mucosa. Cells from Walker tumor were injected through a canula in the rat stomach previously injured by clamping the mucosa in three different gastric regions. The tumors were found 100% in the large curvature, 80% in the small curvature and 20% in the esophagogastric juction. The surviving time of the inoculated animals was 13,2±1,92 days. The neoplastic tissue showed a rapid and constant growth pattern and it has allowed to inoculate a large series of rats

PURPOSE:To present a rat model of subcutaneous endometriosis for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs. METHODS:Fifty three-month-old female Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus) were distributed into one control group and four treatment groups: estradiol (2.5; 5; 10mg/kg sc), medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.5; 2; 5mg/kg sc), triptorelin pamoate (0.18; 0.56mg/kg sc) and acetylsalicylic acid (3mg/kg per os). The animals were autoimplanted subcutaneously with 4x4-mm uterine fragments to induce endometriosis. The endometriomas were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. The relative dry and wet weights of the endometrioma were used to evaluate response to the drug. Endometrial -like tissue was confirmed by histology. The greatest weight gain was observed on day 14 (relative wet weight: 29.1 ± 6.7mg%, relative dry weight: 5.3 ± 0.9mg %). Treatments were administered between day 5 and day 14. RESULTS:The relative wet weight of the hemiuterus in the 10mg/kg estradiol group differed significantly from control and the other two estradiol groups (p=0.0001). In the medroxyprogesterone acetate group the weight decreased significantly but this decrease was not dose-dependent. Weight reduction was also significant in the triptorelin pamoate and the acetylsalicylic acid groups. CONCLUSION:The model of subcutaneous endometriosis is reproducible, low-cost and easy to perform, and suitable for the study of pathophysiology and the effects of drugs.

Objective: We aimed to assess potential associations between atypical squamous cell (ASC) subgroups: ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), regarding cytomorphological features, high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and histological outcomes in a sample of Brazilian women. Study Design: Cross-sectional study which evaluated 1,346 liquid-based cytologies between January 2010 and July 2016 with ASC results. ASC-US and ASC-H were analyzed for frequency, diagnostic criteria, and cytological findings and compared with HR-HPV tests and histological outcomes. Results: Enlarged nucleus was the most frequent ASC-US criterion, but alternative criteria were present in 20% of the total cases. No ASC-US criteria were associated with histological outcomes or HR-HPV positivity. Parakeratosis, corneal pearl, giant cells, and binucleation were strongly associated with ASC-US while hyperkeratosis was associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or a superior outcome. HR-HPV was positive in 64.39% of ASC-US and 65.38% of ASC-H. HSIL or superior outcomes also occurred in 13.33% of ASC-US and 64.71% of ASC-H cases. Conclusion: Alternative criteria for ASC-US were relatively frequent. Reactive cellular changes suggestive of atypias were more abundant in ASC-US. Although ASC-H is associated with worse histological outcomes, no differences in HPV positivity were found in comparison to ASC-US.

RESUMO RelataA melioidose, causada pela bactéria Burkholderia pseudomallei, é uma doença geograficamente limitada a algumas regiões da Ásia e Oceania, incluindo a Índia e a Austrália 10 11 , não tendo sido descrita no Brasil até o momento, nenhum relato de caso fatal autopsiado. Embora a Burkholderia seja considerada de ocorrência universal 5 , apenas as espécies Burkholderia cepaceae e Burkolderia mallei foram diagnosticadas no Ceará 4 . A apresentação da doença varia de um acometimento fulminante a casos protraídos que podem persistir por anos. Seu aparecimento em áreas inusitadas, como o Ceará, desperta a necessidade de profissionais de saúde tomarem conhecimento desta possibilidade diagnóstica que, embora rara, pode ter uma evolução rapidamente fatal. RELATO DO CASOPaciente do sexo feminino, 14 anos, sadia até seis dias antes do óbito, quando, após banho de açude, passou a apresentar febre, calafrios, cefaléia holocraniana, vômitos pós-prandiais, e, dois dias depois, tosse seca persistente e dor no abdome superior. Evoluiu rapidamente com hipotensão, insuficiência respiratória e renal, acidose metabólica, choque séptico e óbito. Dois irmãos com a mesma história foram também a óbito, o primeiro dois dias antes e o segundo dois dias depois, com quadros clínicos semelhantes, todos apresentando uma broncopneumonia grave com sepse. À necropsia, observou-se a presença de derrame pleural citrino, 200ml e nos pulmões broncopneumonia confluente bilateral, com polimorfonucleares alveolares e peribrônquicos, em focos esparsos, com áreas de necrose e formação de abscessos, acompanhados de intensa hemorragia (Figura 1). Havia múltiplos focos de infiltrado polimorfonuclear com necrose formando microabscessos no fígado (Figura 2), baço e linfonodos, configurando sepse e também a presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfohistiocitário, nas meninges, caracterizando meningite inespecífica. A evolução sepse/pneumonia para o choque e óbito foi muito rápida. Dados laboratoriais: isolamento por hemocultura, após 24 horas de incubação em Brain Heart Infusion (BHI-Difco®) seguido do isolamento em placas de agar MacConkey, no breve período de internação e morte de um bacilo gram negativo (técnica de Gram -Kopeloff -Beerman), de coloração bipolar, não fermentador de glicose (meio OF-glicose), móvel ao teste de movimento-indol-lisina (MiLI) e à microscopia de imersão.

Background:We evaluated the immunoexpression of LGR4 and β-catenin in primary gastric carcinomas, lymph node metastases and histologically normal gastric mucosa in the surgical margins of gastric primary tumours. Methods:We performed a cross-sectional, observational study, based on 75 gastric carcinoma specimens from gastrectomies conducted at the hospital of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The samples were analysed by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s linear regression were used in this study. Results:LGR4 expression was greater in the histologically normal gastric mucosa (basal third of the epithelial thickness) of the tumour surgical resection margin than in the cases of primary carcinomas (P<0.001, mainly diffuse-histotype cancer margins), and also in the number of cells stained in the normal mucosa (P<0.0001). Primary intestinal-type carcinomas showed greater positivity for LGR4 than diffuse tumours (59% vs 13%, P<0.0001) and in these the positivity was higher in the metastases (P=0.0242). The membranous immunoexpression of β-catenin was ubiquitous in the normal mucosa and present in 2/3 of the positive carcinomas. In only one case, nuclear β-catenin expression was observed. Most LGR4-positive cases were stained for membranous β-catenin but not the opposite (P<0.01). Conclusion:LGR4 is a likely biomarker of stem cells in the normal gastric mucosa and carcinomas of the stomach, not specific to cancer cells and positively associated with cell proliferation. LGR4 immunoexpression is more frequent and found in a larger number of cells in normal tissues than in tumour samples. Expression of β-catenin in the junctional membrane-complex occurred predominantly, in positive cases of gastric carcinomas and very rarely in the nucleus. LGR4 apparently influenced the membranous expression of β-catenin. These findings suggest a controversial role for LGR4, related to proliferative status and inversely related to tumour progression, in contrast to most previous reports.