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RESUMO As crianças foram um dos grupos sociais mais impactados durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Suas rotinas diárias, incluindo ambientes sociais, escolares e familiares foram profundamente modificadas e podem ter consequências inadvertidas no desenvolvimento e bem-estar das crianças. Embora as escolas estejam atualmente retornando às atividades semipresenciais/híbridas em nosso país, há várias preocupações sobre como a pandemia de covid-19 pode impactar o desenvolvimento infantil a curto e longo prazo. O desenvolvimento da linguagem e da fala geralmente ocorre durante a primeira infância em uma aquisição gradual de habilidades receptivas e expressivas. Assim, embora o fechamento de escolas, o distanciamento social e o uso generalizado de máscaras possam impactar negativamente o desenvolvimento da linguagem, seu efeito específico ainda não foi amplamente acessado. Há poucos dias, um estudo longitudinal de crianças nascidas durante o período pandêmico mostrou evidências preliminares de desempenho verbal reduzido em comparação com crianças nascidas antes da pandemia. Logo, há uma necessidade urgente de mais estudos abordando esse assunto para melhor compreender o impacto potencial da pandemia COVID-19 no desenvolvimento da linguagem e da fala na infância. Nesse contexto, o fonoaudiólogo certamente terá um papel central na prevenção e abordagem terapêutica do atraso de linguagem. Junto com pais e professores, eles devem estar atentos a essa possibilidade, principalmente em crianças pequenas.

AIMTo identify factors associated with depressive symptoms among inpatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODSThis is a cross-sectional study performed in a subsample of a large cross-sectional research that investigated affective disorders and suicide behaviour among inpatients hospitalized in non-surgical wards of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais from November 2013 to October 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through a structured interview and medical record review. Depression was assessed by the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with scores ≥ 8 considered as positive screening for depression. We used the Fageström Test for Nicotine Dependence to characterize nicotine dependence. For assessing resilience and early-life trauma, we used the raw scores of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively.RESULTSAt endpoint, we included 137 subjects. Thirty-eight (27.7%) subjects presented depressive symptoms and nine (23.7%) of those were receiving antidepressant treatment during hospitalization. The female sex; a lower mean educational level; a greater prevalence of previous suicide attempts; a higher level of pain; a higher prevalence of family antecedents of mental disorders; a lower resilience score; and higher childhood trauma score were the factors significantly associated with screening positive for major depression (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factors independently associated with the depressive symptoms were a higher childhood trauma severity (OR = 1.06; P = 0.004); moderate to severe nicotine dependence (OR = 8.58; P = 0.008); and the number of previous hospital admissions (OR = 1.11; P = 0.034). The obtained logistic model was considered valid, indicating that the three factors together distinguished between having or not depressive symptoms, and correctly classified 74.6% of individuals in the sample.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that inpatients presenting both CVD and a positive screening for depression are more prone to have antecedents of childhood trauma, nicotine dependence and a higher number of previous hospitalizations.

ObjectiveCircadian rhythms have been linked to psychiatric disorders such as Depression and Bipolar Disorder (BD). Given previous evidences of sleep/circadian disturbances as well as the genetic susceptibility for BD, we decided to investigate the possible link between the PERIOD3 (Per3) circadian gene and BD.MethodsThis is a genetic association case (BD) vs. control study of the Per3 gene. We further subdivided our BD sample into “good sleepers” (PSQI ≤5) and “poor sleepers” (PSQI>5) according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score, and then we assessed genetic association of the Per3 gene with sleep quality in the BD group.ResultsThere were 209 cases and 213 controls in our sample. The GT genotype of the SNP rs707467 significantly associated with BD (χ2=8.80; p-value=0.01; adjusted residual=±2.6). We also found significant association of the SNP rs10462020 allele T with BD (χ2=5.81; p-value=0.01) as well as the genotype TT (χ2= 6.01; p-value=0.04; adjusted residual=±2.4).ConclusionIn this study we demonstrated evidences of genetic association between the Per3 gene and BD. The results of association between the Per3 gene and BD in our sample may bring additional evidence to the former findings of association between the Per3 gene and BD.

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