In this study the occlusal characteristics of the deciduous dentition in a sample of young children were investigated to determine whether consensual trends exists, and if the occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition may be considered as acceptable predictors for occlusal relationships in the permanent dentition. Four hundred and seven boys and three hundred and eighty-two girls aged 4-6 years participated in the epidemiological study. Recording of the occlusal traits was made according to the method described by the Fédération Dentaire Internationale in 1973, adapted to the primary dentition. Lack of space was frequent (24 per cent in the upper anterior segments), as well as lateral crossbites (16 per cent), excessive overjet of 6 mm or more (6 per cent), Class II relationships (26 per cent) and anterior open bites (37.4 per cent). Obvious similarities could be seen with other investigations on occlusal traits of the primary dentition of Caucasian children. Cross-comparison with available data suggest that the development of the occlusion is a continuum for many aspects, with most of the major occlusal trends characterizing the permanent dentition in Europoid populations detectable at early stages. The striking difference in the primary dentition was the much higher prevalence of anterior open bites: this is the only figure expected to decrease dramatically in the permanent dentition. With due reservation inherent to the nature of epidemiological data on malocclusion and their interpretation, it is concluded that, provided the patient's cooperation is satisfactory, early attention may be given to malocclusion, but should mainly be focused on lateral crossbites and sagittal malrelationships.
Both right-sided and left-sided clefts were more frequently correlated with left-sided dental agenesis. This left-sided prevalence suggests that common signaling malfunctions might be involved, both in dental development anomalies and cleft genesis.
Objectifs : les anomalies dentaires sont plus fréquentes chez les individus porteurs de fentes que dans la population générale. Notre objectif est d'évaluer la prévalence des agénésies dentaires dans un échantillon alsacien composé de 124 enfants porteurs de fentes (81 garçons et 43 filles, âge moyen 12,5 ans).Méthode : les examens clinique et radiographique permettent de préciser la formule dentaire ainsi que le type de fentes qui sont classées en 4 groupes : Fente Labiale pure (FL -12.9 %), Fente Labio-Alvéolaire (FLA -4 %), Fente Labio-Palatine (FLP -49.2 %) et Fente Palatine (FP -33.9 %).
Résultats : 63 % des patients présentent une ou plusieurs agénésies dentaires touchant essentiellement les incisives latérales maxillaires (54 %) et les secondes prémolaires maxillaires ou mandibulaires (32 %). Le pourcentage d'enfants avec agénésies est, par ordre croissant, minimal en cas de FL (33 %), moyen en cas de FP (54 %) et culmine en cas de FLP (79 %). La fréquence des agénésies augmente avec la sévérité de la fente. Le côté gauche est le plus atteint (p < 0.01) quel que soit le côté de la fente.Conclusions : les agénésies dentaires sont plus fréquentes du côté gauche, quel que soit le côté de la fente. Cette prévalence à gauche pourrait suggérer l'intervention de facteurs étiopathogéniques communs à la survenue des fentes et des agénésies dentaires.
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