BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Both IDH1 mutation and MGMT promoter methylation are associated with longer survival. We investigated the ability of imaging correlates to serve as noninvasive biomarkers for these molecularly defined GBM subtypes.
ImagingAll patients underwent 2.5-mm axial NECT and CECT as well as a CTA (acquired at 0.625 mm and reformatted into 1.25 mm). Two authors (P.M. and S.W.H.) retrospectively evaluated NECTs for presence of large vessel thrombus. A region of interest was drawn Background and Purpose-Can lysability of large vessel thrombi in acute ischemic stroke be predicted by measuring clot density on admission nonenhanced CT (NECT), postcontrast enhanced CT, or CT angiogram (CTA)? Methods-We retrospectively studied 90 patients with acute large vessel ischemic strokes treated with intravenous (IV) tPA, intra-arterial (IA) tPA, and/or mechanical thrombectomy devices.
Serum morning cortisol levels on postoperative d 1 and 2 without glucocorticoid replacement provide a safe, simple, and reliable measure of early remission for CD and are predictive of sustained remission. This method allows for consideration of a repeat operation during the same hospitalization in patients with persistent hypercortisolemia.
Aquaporins have recently been identified as protein channels involved in water transport. These channels may play a role in the edema formation and alterations in microvascular function observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We investigated the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) in 24 human autopsy brains consisting of 18 with AD and varying degrees of CAA, and 6 with no pathologic abnormalities using immunohistochemistry. In cases of AD and CAA there was enhanced AQP 4 expression compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Aquaporin 4 immunoreactivity was prominent at CSF and brain interfaces, including subpial, subependymal, pericapillary and periarteriolar spaces. Aquaporin 1 expression in AD and CAA cases was not different from that in age- and gender-matched controls. Double-labeling studies demonstrated that both AQP1 and 4 were localized to astrocytes. Both enhanced AQP4 expression and its unique staining pattern suggest that these proteins may be important in the impaired water transport observed in AD and CAA.
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