Large numbers of inhabitants in a dense area require land coverage for sheltering purposes. The anthropogenic heat emission potentially reduces ventilation of urban areas and significantly brings changes in air temperature. This study is aimed at finding the correlations between urban form and the alteration of urban microclimate in different land-uses. This study has been carried out in Bandung, Indonesia, in its educational, high dense settlement and industrial areas, covering around 37 ha each. The measurement of air Temperature (Ta), globe Temperature (Tg) and wind speed (Va) describes mean radiant Temperature (Tmrt), which gives direct impact on the quality of outdoor spaces in urbanized areas. 3D modeling based on a Sketch-up and introducing Chronolux, as a simple model has given a description of the Sky View Factor (SVF) in urban form. Urban form that is presented by building coverage is giving significant impact to Tmrt as shown in high-dense settlement with R = 0.82. Tmrt and SVF at all study areas show positive correlations, eventhough not insignificant values where at educational area R = 0.029; meanwhile at highdense settlement R = 0.2 and finally at industrial area R = 0.28.
Objective:The aim of the present study was to determine whether curcumin (CM) can prevent drug sensitivity of breast cancer (BC) cells when E and β-E2 are administered together and whether the underlying mechanism involves modulation of drug efflux transporters.Methods: MCF7 BC cells were treated with the vehicle only, E+β-E2, or E+β-E2+CM repeatedly for 8 weeks. Afterward, the cells were harvested, counted, and isolated for total RNA extraction. Total RNA was then processed into cDNA and further processed for the determination of mRNA expression patterns of drug efflux transporters (P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1).
Results:Decreased sensitivity of BC cells was shown by the increased cell viability of MCF7 cells after 8 weeks. This condition was accompanied with increased mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1 in cells treated with E+β-E2, as compared with the vehicle only. CM, administered in combination with E+β-E2, resulted in decreased cell viability versus E and β-E2 and also decreased in mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, and MRP1.Conclusion: CM partially reversed the sensitivity loss of BC cells to E in the presence of β-E2 by modulating drug efflux transporters.
Antropologi adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang mengkaji umat manusia sebagai makhluk masyarakat. Yang ditujukan adalah sifat khas ragawi, cara produksi, tradisi, dan nilai-nilai yang membuat pergaulan hidup yang satu berbeda dari pergaulan hidup lain. Dengan demikian, dari sudut pandang ilmu antropologi, di bidang biologi manusia disebut sebagai makhluk primata, dan manusia sebagai makhluk sosialbudaya.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.