Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is classified as a heterogeneous disorder of motor learning and functioning. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the current knowledge of DCD using the International Classification of Functioning and Disability Framework (ICF) model of disability. Since DCD is diagnosed on the basis of functional problems, we discuss the relationships between known activity limitations and participation restrictions, impairments of body structure and function, and contextual factors associated with these functional limitations. We conclude that the manifestation of both the primary and secondary problems seen in DCD are dependent on the integrity, capacity and adaptability of cognitive and neuromotor structures. We assert that personal and environmental factors either facilitate or restrict skill acquisition and learning. Understanding the interaction between individual and contextual factors is, thus, fundamental to designing interventions that address primary functional problems and ameliorate the development of health and psychosocial impairments in DCD.

Group exercise can be delivered to care home residents with reduced mobility but it is not suitable for residents with severe cognitive impairment. An estimated sample size of 240 participants would be required to detect a clinically significant difference in the Rivermead Mobility Index with 90% power.