In urban planning, inclusion is not necessarily achieved by increasing opportunities for deliberation between planners and residents, as power and exclusion reside in the process of deliberation, especially in the rigid spaces of formal planning hearings. Plan ners' professional jargon may remain inaccessible to residents, who grasp their living envi ronment in terms of the flow of sensory and social interactions. So the framework of instrumental rationality may exclude softer, yet meaningful, local stories. What is needed in urban planning is a sensitivity for the plurality of these stories. In this article we propose that applied drama methods could provide a novel model for deliberative planning, in order to surpass the silo thinking of instrumental rationality, and ingrained, takenforgranted concepts and identities, by artistic and affective means of argumentation. Furthermore, it seems that residents gain access to the embodied understanding of different trajectories of meaning making by playing the roles of other residents. Drama may provide a channel of expression that helps people move beyond the antagonistic posturing between stake holders, as well as an empowering way to express the plurality of stories in neighbourhood spaces.We would like to thank the Ministry of the Environment and the Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland (ARA) for funding the research project on which this article is based. Our thanks also go to the other members of our research group, Erika Lilja, Paulina Nordström, and the theatre directors involved in the workshopsMarkku Keränen, Hanna Mäkinen and Sami Rannila. The cooperation of Säätämö and the Linna Theatre of Turku were essential to the success of this project. We are very grateful to the two anonymous IJURR referees for their comments, which helped us improve this article.

Nordic welfare state ideologies inform democratic and transparent land use and building practices. A closer examination reveals how variously these ideals are translated into practice. Finnish law strictly defines how building processes should proceed; however, a number of decisions still ignore the law, which can be seen in the complaints sent to the Administrative Courts. This paper examines the legality of Finnish land use processes through cases and interviews with judges. The findings suggest a need for a more critical spatio-legal analysis of planning that realizes the relationality of the law, and the invisible jurisdictions inherent in local decision making.

This article addresses the recent legal and property changes, and their socio-spatial consequences in Christiania, Copenhagen. During recent years the community that has always been against private ownership has lost its special legal status, and has become a property owner of a vast area in the middle of Copenhagen. We analyse the situation in relation to Christiania’s current housing condition, individual residents’ privatisation efforts, and decades-long normalisation efforts by the state. We argue that the processes of normalisation, legalisation, criminalisation and privatisation are expressions of the carceral in more-than-institutional context, and that questions of property are strongly involved in these carceral practices in Christiania. Not only in the relations between Christiania and the state, but also in socio-spatial relations inside of the community, defining who is included or excluded, or how people behave towards each other. Moreover, a part of the community is cultivating a carceral culture towards those in favour of privatisation, using the rights of the property owner and the community’s ideologies as justifications.

This article addresses sidewalks as particular kinds of public spaces. Sidewalks of residential areas have been understudied; debates have tended to concentrate on pedestrian flows in commercial districts. By discussing the snowy sidewalks of Syracuse, New York, this article asks how sidewalks appear in law, and how responsibility for sidewalks is divided between governments and property owners. According to law and ordinances, sidewalks are responsibility of adjacent property owners. Unofficial monitoring has turned property owners' sidewalk responsibilities away from questions of liability to questions of morality. Sidewalks evince a moral order, where questions concern not only pedestrian flows or laws, but also attitudes of others. A snowy sidewalk appears as a contested moral order, whose publicity is questionable because of the sidewalk's reliance on private responsibility and policing. In the end, then, this article provides insights into how laws concerning public space are both maintained and questioned in everyday practices, and how the regulatory systems advance-or hinderthe publicity of public spaces like sidewalks. ARTICLE HISTORY

Housing transformation creates conditions or situations that may be experienced as "everyday violence", which is present in mundane life but may not necessarily be recognized as violence. This article argues that post-welfare housing violence differs from other housing violence while being affected by the society's welfare state ideologies. Violence may develop slowly or manifest itself in subtle ways when the rights to own, use, and develop housing estates are debated. By analysing activists' struggle against the privatization of a Swedish suburb, the article elaborates on the forms of postwelfare housing violence, and the ways in which violence is made visible and contested. The analysis reveals how post-welfare housing violence is normalized and slow violence, and how the byproduct of the welfare state history is the effort to invisibilise violence in situations that were earlier public responsibility.