TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractCost/environmental benefit comparisons of different produced water disposal options were performed for the Draugen platform on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Comparison of the environmental risk for the year of maximum water production, as well as the integrated environmental risk for the predicted lifetime of the field was made for the different produced water disposal options. Discharges of natural constituents, as well as residual production and injection chemicals in produced water were included in the risk assessment. High level cost environmental benefit evaluations have been carried out. A Base Case, meeting the present oil in water discharge permit was defined.Differences in cost/environmental benefit of the potential disposal options were quantitatively compared to the Base Case. Uncertainties in the figures are discussed. The work presented here is one of the inputs to the Draugen produced water disposal programme. Feasibility studies will develop more reliable cost and performance data. Decisions on future produced water disposal at Draugen will be based on the final results and recommendations in the produced water programme. An approach has also been suggested and used for weighting potential long-term effects of the discharges. This provides important additional information to the risk assessment results.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractA chemical mass balance model was developed for the Ekofisk area in the North Sea, operated by Phillips Petroleum Company Norway. The present model includes 13 platforms. There are continuous produced water discharges from five of these. Only production, pipeline and injection chemicals are included in the model. The model predicts the amount of chemicals in produced water at each discharge point, the chemical content in the exported oil, as well as chemical consumption and costs. Based on current chemical treatment philosophy and the fall 1999 long-term production forecast for the Ekofisk Area fields, prognoses for chemical consumption and discharge over the lifetime of the individual platforms and for the total Ekofisk Area were established. Examples from the model predictions are presented in this paper.The most important parameter in the model is the oil/water partitioning; i.e. the discharge factors of the individual chemicals. The paper presents results from initial validation studies including comparison of the partitioning factors applied in this model with results obtained from laboratory and field studies.
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