Economic dispatch (ED) is an optimisation strategy to ensure power systems operate in an economic manner. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimisation method to minimise the total generation cost and total system loss simultaneously and find the best adjustment for this economic dispatch problem. This study focused on solving the multi-objective economic dispatch problem using a Heuristic Optimisation (HO) method, namely Multi-Objective Evolutionary Programming (MOEP). The Weighted Sum Method (WSM) is integrated with EP to find a trade-off solution between two objectives: total generation cost minimisation and total system loss minimisation. The practicable proposed method was tested on the IEEE 30-Bus Reliability Test System (RTS) for three different scenarios. MATLAB programming language was used to run the designated algorithm of MOEP. The performance of MOEP to solve the multi-objective ED problem was then compared with another method; the Multi-Objective Artificial Immune System (MOAIS). The experimental results show that MOEP dominates in all cases that have been tested, proving that MOEP is superior than MOAIS in providing high-quality solution to economic dispatch problem with multiple objectives in terms of cheap total generation cost and low total system loss.
Earlier studies established the role of demographic and temperamental features (DTFs) in the adaptation of childhood stuttering. However, these studies have been short on examining the latent interrelationships among DTFs and not utilizing them in predicting this disorder. This research article endeavors to examine latent interrelationships among DTFs in relation to childhood-stuttering. The purpose of the present is also to analyze whether DTFs can be utilized in predicting the likely risk of this speech disorder. Historical data on childhood stuttering was utilized for performing the invloved experiments of this research. “Structural-Equation-Modeling” (SEM) was applied to examine latent interrelationships among DTFs in relation to stuttering. The predictive analytics approach was employed to ensure whether DTFs of children can be utilized for predicting the likely risk of childhood-stuttering. SEM-based path analysis explored potential latent interrelationships among DTFs by separating them into categories of background and intermediate. By utilizing the same set of the DTFs, predictive models were able to classify children into stuttering and non-stuttering groups with optimal prediction accuracy. The outcomes of this study showed how the stuttering related historical data can be utilized in offering healthcare solutions for individuals with stuttering disorder. The outcomes of the present study also suggest that historical data on stuttering is a very rich source of hidden trends and patterns concerning this disorder. These hidden trends and patterns can be captured by applying a different type of structural and predictive modeling to understand the cause-and-effect relationship among variables in relation to stuttering. The SEM utilizes the cause-and-effect relationship among variables to explore latent-interrelationships between them. While predictive modeling utilizes the cause-and-effect relationship among variables to predict the possible risk of stuttering with optimal prediction accuracy.
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