This paper reports follow‐up photometric and spectroscopic observations, including warm Spitzer IRAC photometry of seven white dwarfs from the SDSS with apparent excess flux in UKIDSS K‐band observations. Six of the science targets were selected from 16 785 DA star candidates identified either spectroscopically or photometrically within SDSS DR7, spatially cross‐correlated with HK detections in UKIDSS DR8. Thus, the selection criteria are completely independent of stellar mass, effective temperature above 8000 K and the presence (or absence) of atmospheric metals. The infrared fluxes of one target are compatible with a spatially unresolved late M or early L‐type companion, while three stars exhibit excess emissions consistent with warm circumstellar dust. These latter targets have spectral energy distributions similar to known dusty white dwarfs with high fractional infrared luminosities (thus the K‐band excesses). Optical spectroscopy reveals the stars with disc‐like excesses are polluted with heavy elements, denoting the ongoing accretion of circumstellar material. One of the discs exhibits a gaseous component – the fourth reported to date – and orbits a relatively cool star, indicating the gas is produced via collisions as opposed to sublimation, supporting the picture of a recent event. The resulting statistics yield a lower limit of 0.8 per cent for the fraction dust discs at DA‐type white dwarfs with cooling ages less than 1 Gyr. Two overall results are noteworthy: (i) all stars whose excess infrared emission is consistent with dust are metal rich and (ii) no stars warmer than 25 000 K are found to have this type of excess, despite sufficient sensitivity.

We present a near‐infrared photometric search for unresolved substellar companions and debris discs around white dwarfs in the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Large Area Survey. We cross‐correlate the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR4 and McCook & Sion catalogues of white dwarfs with the UKIDSS DR8 producing 3109 and 163 unique matches, respectively. Cooling models are fitted to the optical photometry of a subsample of DA white dwarfs and extended to the near‐infrared. A comparison is then made with the observed photometry to identify those stars with a near‐infrared excess consistent with the presence of a cool companion or debris disc. Where present, we have estimated the approximate spectral type of any putative companion, or an upper limit on the temperature of a debris disc. In total we identify 14–16 new candidate white dwarf + very low mass stellar systems, 9–11 candidate white dwarf + brown dwarf systems, and three candidate white dwarf + debris discs. We place lower limits on the unresolved (<2 arcsec) companions to all DA white dwarfs and thus assess the sensitivity of UKIDSS to such objects. We use this result to estimate unresolved binary fractions of fWD + dL≥ 0.4 ± 0.3 per cent, fWD + dT≥ 0.2 per cent and fWD + BD≥ 0.5 ± 0.3 per cent.

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We report the discovery of WTS-2 b, an unusually close-in 1.02-day hot Jupiter (M P = 1.12M J , R P = 1.363R J ) orbiting a K2V star, which has a possible gravitationally-bound M-dwarf companion at 0.6 arcsec separation contributing ∼ 20 percent of the total flux in the observed J-band light curve. The planet is only 1.5 times the separation from its host star at which it would be destroyed by Roche lobe overflow, and has a predicted remaining lifetime of just ∼ 40 Myr, assuming a tidal dissipation quality factor of Q ′ ⋆ = 10 6 . Q ′ ⋆ is a key factor in determining how frictional processes within a host star affect the orbital evolution of its companion giant planets, but it is currently poorly constrained by observations. We calculate that the orbital decay of WTS-2 b would correspond to a shift in its transit arrival time of T shift ∼ 17 seconds after 15 years assuming Q ′ ⋆ = 10 6 . A shift less than this would place a direct observational constraint on the lower limit of Q ′ ⋆ in this system. We also report a correction to the previously published expected T shift for WASP-18 b, finding that T shift = 356 seconds after 10 years for Q ′ ⋆ = 10 6 , which is much larger than the estimated 28 seconds quoted in WASP-18 b discovery paper. We attempted to constrain Q ′ ⋆ via a study of the entire population of known transiting hot Jupiters, but our results were inconclusive, requiring a more detailed treatment of transit survey sensitivities at long periods. We conclude that the most informative and straight-forward constraints on Q ′ ⋆ will be obtained by direct observational measurements of the shift in transit arrival times in individual hot Jupiter systems. We show that this is achievable across the mass spectrum of exoplanet host stars within a decade, and will directly probe the effects of stellar interior structure on tidal dissipation.

A near-infrared excess is detected at the white dwarf PHL 5038 in UKIDSS photometry, consistent with the presence of a cool, substellar companion. We have obtained H-and K-grism spectra and images of PHL 5038 using NIRI on Gemini North. The target is spatially and spectrally resolved into two components: an 8000 K DA white dwarf, and a likely L8 brown dwarf companion, separated by 0.94 . The spectral type of the secondary was determined using standard spectral indices for late L and T dwarfs. The projected orbital separation of the binary is 55 AU, so it becomes only the second known wide WD+dL binary to be found after GD 165AB. This object could potentially be used as a benchmark for testing substellar evolutionary models at intermediate to older ages.