The coral reef is the habitat for more than a million marine species. The damage of the coral reef could decrease associated marine biodiversity, and the coral reef fishes are one of the groups impacted by the coral reef destruction. This study aimed to measure the coral coverage, to estimate the abundance of coral fishes, and to determine the correlation between coral coverage and abundance of coral reef fishes in Enggano Island, Bengkulu. The line intercept transect method was used by applying 25 m length transects to measure the coral cover in 12 sampling stations. The visual census method was implemented to count the presence of coral reef fishes around the transect line. The correlation between coral coverage and abundance of coral reef fishes was estimated using the multiple-linear-regression method. The results revealed that the coral coverage in Enggano Island varies from 99.6%-6.6%. The highest coverage was observed in station one at the leeward of Dua Island, whereas the lowest was found in station nine at Kahabi. The depth that measured 21 m could cause low coral coverage in condition. The substratum at this depth receives low sunlight intensity; thus, photosynthesis could not function efficiently. The highest coral reef fish abundance estimated at 603 ind/125 m2 was found in station 12 at Berhau, whereas the lowest at 8 ind/125m2 was in station eight at Kahabi. The analysis showed a positive but considerably a weak correlation between coral coverage and abundance of coral reef fishes with an r-value of 0.61 and the determination coefficient of 61.00%.
The environment is an essential part of human life. Hence, to protect the environment, the application of environmental permits is necessary. Renewable technology has been chosen by several laboratories as an effort to improve services to be fast and precise. This study aims to determine the legal basis and responsibility of errors found in the results of automated instrument analyses in an environmental laboratory. This research was conducted by interviewing Semarang District Court judges, legal experts, environmental experts, and literature study. The data was processed descriptively and analytically using a sociological and juridical approach. Legal liability for errors in the results of environmental laboratories was based on Indonesian Civil Code Article 1234 and Article 1365, with legal responsibility placed to the consumer, laboratory staff, or laboratory organizer by taking account of the source of the error.
Mangrove rehabilitation is an activity to replant mangrove ecosystems that have been damaged. This study aimed to measure the physical condition of rehabilitated mangroves, analyze the role of the government, and measure community perceptions, aspirations and actions in mangrove rehabilitation activities. This research was conducted in August -October 2019 at Lentera Merah and Badrika Mangrove Tourism Park, Bengkulu City. The data collection of mangrove vegetation structure used purposive sampling method, while the respondent's data collection used the insindental method. The results showed that the mangrove vegetation structure data in Lentera Merah could not be calculated, while in the Badrika Mangrove Tourism Park there were two types of mangroves found (Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba) which were categorized as saplings and seedlings. The government agency that has carried out mangrove rehabilitation was the Environment and Forestry Service (DLHK) and Watershed and Protection Forest Management Centers (BPDASHL) Ketahun. The government had a funding role in the form of providing seedlings, but the government had not yet carried out counseling activities. The government had not yet monitored and evaluated the rehabilitation activities at Lentera Merah, while in the Badrika Mangrove Tourism Park these activities had been carried out. The level of community perceptions, aspirations and actions in mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation activities in the two locations was categorized as moderate.
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