A short measure of trait and state negative and positive affect (Chinese Affect Scale) was developed for Chinese-speaking people. From indigenously derived affect markers the characteristic two-factor structure of affect was derived in both a student and an adult sample in Hong Kong. Scores from the resulting negative (NA) and positive (PA) affect scales had reasonable internal and retest reliabilities and high convergent and discriminant validity, with NA correlating with neuroticism, negative self-appraisal, stress, and pessimism; and PA correlating with extraversion, positive self-appraisal, optimism, and self-esteem. Both state NA and PA versions of the scales were shown to be sensitive to episodal mood changes over life events (daily log), to laboratory mood induction, and to movie themes for moviegoers in a field setting. The psychometric properties of the CAS were replicable in the student and adult samples.
Characteristics of daily encounters were studied as a function of self-monitoring and locus of control in Chinese and European students. Complementary predictions based on both the individualistic versus collectivistic cultural distinction and self-monitoring theory were supported by the results. The Chinese sample showed higher self-monitoring scores, were more external in their locus of control, made fewer daily contacts that were more task oriented, and involved higher levels of self-disclosure than New Zealand students. Differences in daily encounters were also shown for the interaction between high and low self-monitoring internals (those with an internal locus of control) and externals (those with an external locus of control) that were independent of culture. The implication and qualification of the results were discussed in terms of differences in cultural meaning and value in self-presentation.
Srrmma~y.--45 Ss ranked 8 photographs of females for 10 concepts showing consistency in their stereotypes of sryle of dress. 8 of the 1 0 concepts tested were statistically significant for the males while 5 of these were statistically significant for the females. It was also found that, when ranking faces alone, no consistent stereorypes emerged.
Problems in syntax may occur when a scale is translated into another language. The psychometric property of the translated scale may be adversely affected when such problems occur. This article discusses this problem with reference to the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale.
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