Abstract-Eye is a delicate organ of the body which provides organisms a vision. Eye is made up of sensory component such as lens, pupil, retina etc. One of the diseases which affect the human eye is cataract. Cataract occurs due to clouding of lens in the eye. Cataract is an eye disease which is responsible for vision loss and blindness. But earlier cataract detection system can provide a patient to know their condition timely and they can get the treatment accordingly. Using various image processing and classification technique one can detect and classify images. This paper points out different algorithm for detecting cataract in fundus images. This paper mainly involves mainly three steps specially preprocessing of the image, extraction of feature of preprocessed image and the last one is classification of image. In the very first step, image processing technique is applied for processing the image. We have used brightness preserving dynamic fuzzy histogram equalization method for contrast enhancement of image. In second step various feature of optical eye is extracted and the same feature are then used in classifier. For feature extraction statistical texture features such as mean, variance, energy, entropy and kurtosis of the eye is found. Support Vector Machine (SVM). SVM classification accuracy is 89%.
A rapid rise in inhabitants across the globe has led to the inadmissible management of waste in various countries, giving rise to various health issues and environmental pollution. The waste-collecting trucks collect waste just once or twice in seven days. Due to improper waste collection practices, the waste in the dustbin is spread on the streets. Thus, to defeat this situation, an efficient solution for smart and effective waste management using machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed solution, the authors have used an Arduino UNO microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, and moisture sensor. Using image processing, one can measure the waste index of a particular dumping ground. A hardware prototype is also developed for the proposed framework. Thus, the presented solution for the efficient management of waste accomplishes the aim of establishing clean and pollution-free cities.
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