Magnetocaloric effect is considered as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technique which can take the cooling technology on the next level. Apart from its commercial application around room temperature, the...

Conventional (MCE) and rotating (RMCE) magnetocaloric effects have been explored in the two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer {(tetren)H)Cu[W(CN)]·7.2HO} (WCu-t; tetren = tetraethylenepentamine). The unusual magnetostructural properties were exploited, including the bilayered Prussian Blue like coordination skeleton and the XY easy-plane magnetic anisotropy based on the in-plane correlation between W and Cu spins of /, underlying the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) topological phase transition to the long-range-ordered state at T = 33 K. The magnetic properties were studied on single crystals along the H∥ac easy plane and H∥b hard axis. The maximal entropy change for MCE for easy-plane geometry at 38.0 K and the magnetic field change μΔH = 7.0 T reached ∼4.01 J K kg. The strong magnetic anisotropy was used to study the RMCE in which the maximal entropy change was observed at 35.5 K for 7.0 T, attaining 1.81 J K kg. Moreover, easy-plane anisotropy introduces the inverse magnetocaloric effect for H∥b, which enhances the RMCE by up to 47%. This observation was confirmed by a theoretical investigation considering the XY model using a molecular field and cluster variational method in the pair approximation approach, dedicated to the bilayered systems with the adequate nearest neighbor number z = 5 and spin S = /.

The Mn12 single-molecule magnets (SMMs) could be attached to the surface of spherical silica for the first time with a high probability. This allowed separation of the individual molecular magnets and direct microscopic observation of the SMMs. We described in detail how to fabricate such a composite material. The synthesis procedure proposed here is simple and efficient. We confirmed the efficiency of the method by transmission electron microscopy (TEM): single-molecule magnets were visible at the surface of a silica substrate. Based on TEM observation, we described how the molecules anchor to the surface of silica (the geometry of the magnetic molecule in regard to the surface of the substrate). The SQUID magnetometry showed that single-molecule magnet behaviour is kept intact after grafting. The attachment of the single-molecule magnets to the surface of silica allows to investigate their properties as separate molecules. This is particularly important in the analysis of magnetic properties such as magnetic states of the separated SMMs, their mutual interactions, and the influence of a silica support.

The time-energy characteristics of a Q-switched neodymiumdoped double-clad fiber laser are presented. Based on the proposed differential equations, a numerical model is developed to simulate this fiber laser. Using this model pulse duration and the energy of generated pulses can be predicted.

Octacyanometallate-based compounds displaying a rich pallet of interesting physical and chemical properties, are key materials in the field of molecular magnetism. The [M(CN)8]n− complexes, (M = WV, MoV, NbIV), are universal building blocks as they lead to various spatial structures, depending on the surrounding ligands and the choice of the metal ion. One of the functionalities of the octacyanometallate-based coordination polymers or clusters is the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), consisting in a change of the material temperature upon the application of a magnetic field. In this review, we focus on different approaches to MCE investigation. We present examples of magnetic entropy change ΔSm and adiabatic temperature change ΔTad, determined using calorimetric measurements supplemented with the algebraic extrapolation of the data down to 0 K. At the field change of 5T, the compound built of high spin clusters Ni9[W(CN)8]6 showed a maximum value of −ΔSm equal to 18.38 J·K−1 mol−1 at 4.3 K, while the corresponding maximum ΔTad = 4.6 K was attained at 2.2 K. These values revealed that this molecular material may be treated as a possible candidate for cryogenic magnetic cooling. Values obtained for ferrimagnetic polymers at temperatures close to their magnetic ordering temperatures, Tc, were lower, i.e., −ΔSm = 6.83 J·K−1 mol−1 (ΔTad = 1.42 K) and −ΔSm = 4.9 J·K−1 mol−1 (ΔTad = 2 K) for {[MnII(pyrazole)4]2[NbIV(CN)8]·4H2O}n and{[FeII(pyrazole)4]2[NbIV(CN)8]·4H2O}n, respectively. MCE results have been obtained also for other -[Nb(CN)8]-based manganese polymers, showing significant Tc dependence on pressure or the remarkable magnetic sponge behaviour. Using the data obtained for compounds with different Tc, due to dissimilar ligands or other phase of the material, the ΔSm ~ Tc−2/3 relation stemming from the molecular field theory was confirmed. The characteristic index n in the ΔSm ~ ΔHn dependence, and the critical exponents, related to n, were determined, pointing to the 3D Heisenberg model as the most adequate for the description of these particular compounds. At last, results of the rotating magnetocaloric effect (RMCE), which is a new technique efficient in the case of layered magnetic systems, are presented. Data have been obtained and discussed for single crystals of two 2D molecular magnets: ferrimagnetic {MnII(R-mpm)2]2[NbIV(CN)8]}∙4H2O (mpm = α-methyl-2-pyridinemethanol) and a strongly anisotropic (tetren)Cu4[W(CN)8]4 bilayered magnet showing the topological Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.