The effect of different combinations of time of sowing and depth and width of soil cultivation using a rotary slot-seeding machine to introduce red clover (Trifolium pratense) was determined for some characteristics of newly established red clover plants in a lowland Dactylis glomerata-dominated grassland in the Czech Republic. Sowing was carried out on four sowing dates in one growing season: 11 May; 21 June (after the first cut); 9 August (after the second cut); and 19 September. The experimental treatments consisted of all combinations of four depths (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) and four widths (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) of soil cultivation. Measurements were made of number of plants, weight and height of plants, weight and height of roots. Measurements at 2 months after sowing showed fewer seedlings for the 11 May sowing than for later sowing dates. The number of red clover plants increased as the row width was increased up to 15 cm, regardless of the depth of slot. Positive effects of slot width on weight and height of plants and weight and length of roots were recorded. A highly positive correlation was found between weight of plants and weight of roots. Width of row was the key factor for the successful establishment of seedlings into the existing sward by slot-seeding. A row width of 10 cm and depth of slot of 5 cm was considered a satisfactory combination.
In 2003–2007 the issue of the forage production and quality on the permanent grassland was researched by the Crop Research Institute Prague, Research Station Jevíčko. The long-term small plot trials with tall oatgrass stand type (Arrhenatherion) were established in 2003 on a fluvisoil. Four types of utilisation were used in the trial: 1. Intensive (I1) – 4 cuts per year (1st cut on 15th May, every next after 45 days); 2. Medium intensive (I2) – 3 cuts per year (1st cut on 30th May, every next after 60 days); 3. Low intensive (I3) – 2 cuts per year (1st cut on 15th June, 2nd after 90 days); 4. Extensive (I4) – 2 cuts per year (1st cut on 30th June, 2nd after 90 days) and four levels of fertilizer application: F0 = no fertilization; FPK = P30K60N0; FPKN90 = P30K60+N90; FPKN180 = P30K60+N180. The overall average DM production of grasslands over five years was 7.19 t . ha−1. The lowest annual DM production is 6.77 t . ha−1 during the intensive utilisation (I1) and it increases towards the extensive (I4) utilisation to 7.62 t . ha−1, at all levels of fertilization. Application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers did not have significant effects on grassland DM yield. Application of N-fertilizer increased DM production (P0.01) already on the level FPKN90 to 8.49 t . ha−1, on the level FPKN180 DM matter still increased up to 9.51 t . ha−1. Forage quality was highest during the intensive (I1) utilisation and relatively lowest during the extensive (I4) utilisation. The intensive (I1) utilisation of permanent grassland improves OMD (P0.01), concentration of CP and NEL and decreases fiber concentration (P0.01) when compared with the extensive (I4) utilisation. Fertilizing did not affect quality significantly except for CP concentration which increases with N-fertilization while NEL concentration decreases. Optimal utilisation intensity for dairy cows with annual production of 7–8 thousand kg of milk seems to be the intensive (I1) utilisation with the level of fertilization FPKN180 for given grass stand (plant society Arrhenatheretum). The forage from the medium intensively (I2) utilized grassland meets quality parameters for suckler cows at the end of lactation period, the forage from less intensively and extensively (I3, I4) utilized grassland is suitable for cows only in the dry period in the form of hay.
Nerušil P., Komárek P., Menšík L. 2016: Plant species composition and potential feed value of permanent grasslands in the central part of Drahanská vrchovina Upland -Beskydy, 9 (1-2): 9-20In multifunctional agriculture, permanent grasslands (PG) present an important culture which keeps the soil in the continuous production status while helping to shape the landscape and protecting biodiversity, plus it has a number of other nonproductive functions. The aim of the study was to evaluate, using the "Inventory and Classification of PG" method, species composition and the feed value of fodder in permanent grasslands in a specific farming company (ZEMSPOL Sloup a.s.) located in the area of the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. Multivariate analysis of PCA identified four categories of sites in the area: meadows/pastures with a higher proportion of legumes and grass species and potentially higher quality of fodder; meadows/pastures with a low proportion of grass species, a high proportion of other herbs and a very low potential feed value of fodder, etc. Most of PG are completely lacking legumes which supply nitrogen to the vegetation and are a major improvement for fodder production and its quality. Infestation with broad-leaf sorrels (Rumex acetosa /L./ and Rumex obtusifolius /L./) may be potential risk in the future. Additional seeding of grass-clover mixtures seems to be a useful way to improve the botanical composition of meadows and pastures in the area of interest, whether it would involve applying a strip or harrow seeder.
Nerušil P., Komárek P., Křivánková Z., Menšík L., 2017: Plant species composition and potential feed value of permanent grasslands in the Sýkořská hornatina Upland. -Beskydy, 10 (1, 2): 135-144In multifunctional agriculture, permanent grasslands (PG) present an important culture which keeps the soil in the continuous production status while helping to shape the landscape and protecting biodiversity, plus it has a number of other non-productive functions. The aim of the study was to evaluate, using the "Inventory and Classification of PG" method, species composition and the feed value of fodder in permanent grasslands in a specific farming company (ZEAS Lysice, a. s.) located in the area of the Sýkořská hornatina Upland. Multivariate analysis of PCA identified three categories of sites in the area: (1) PG with a low proportion of grass species and a high proportion of other herbs (47-55 %); (2) PG with a high proportion of grass species (68-81 %); (3) PG with a mediumhigh proportion of grass species (50-60 %), legumes (1 %) and other herbs. Most of PG are completely lacking legumes which supply nitrogen to the vegetation and are a major improvement for fodder production and its quality. Additional seeding of grass-clover mixtures seems to be a useful way to improve the botanical composition of meadows and pastures in the area of interest.
The seeding rate of 2 mil viable seeds of mountain brome cv. Tacit (28.1 kg/ha) is sufficient to establish a productive stand. The seeding amount can be decreased in the mixture with legumes. The growing in pure stand or in a simple mixture, e.g. with alfalfa, is appropriate, because of its low competitiveness. Mixtures with red clover were slightly worse, and mixtures with white clovers, resp. other grasses less suitable. The optimal cu�ing height of mountain brome to 5-8 cm with regard to forage yield and persistence. Although this grass does not have special demands on site, it does not tolerate long-term dampness and floods. It is mainly used as silage grass with high dry ma�er production potential, with forage of be�er-than-average nutritive value, which is kept till the stage of early flowering.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.