DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

Abstract-An online optimization procedure provides the parameters of a nonlinear battery model by taking into account a few minutes of measured current-voltage data. Within a defined range in terms of charge current, state of charge (SOC), and duration of charge and discharge events, the model is able to capture the relevant battery dynamics and predict the behavior for the next few minutes. From the battery behavior during specific events, the state of the battery can be revealed, which is defined as the state of function. Validation, which is carried out on measured current-voltage profiles, shows the accuracy of prediction during the high-rate partial SOC operation. Even with the data measured during a city drive within a microhybrid electrical vehicle, the method is able to predict the voltage level during high-rate discharge pulses (cranking).Index Terms-Battery model, charge acceptance, high-rate partial state-of-charge (HRPSOC), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), lead-acid battery, state of function (SOF).

This paper deals with an experimental procedure to illustrate the problems introduced by ferromagnetic hysteresis present in magnetic lenses of electron microscopes. The magnetic flux density is not available as a measurable quantity. Hysteresis expresses itself in the relation between the input current applied to the lens-coil and the level of sharpness (defocus) of the resulting images. The familiar hysteresis loops are not available, instead we measure hysteresis in the so-called butterfly representation. The input-profiles are non-periodic and illustrate the difficulties with reproducibility in microscopy applications. Image based feedback control is impossible since 99% of the input range yield unusable images. Analysis of the experiments is carried out using a qualitative model consisting of an interconnection of hysteresis representing the magnetic lens and a nonlinear function representing electron optics. Because this model introduces the intermediate magnetic field variable, it is possible to reconstruct and explain the results observed in the experiments.

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DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: