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The potential complexity and size of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) requires that they be implemented through a systems engineering approach based on the use of ITS Architectures. These enable a high level set of "views" of the proposed ITS to be obtained early in its lifecycle so that many of the details and implications can be checked and, if necessary, changed at significantly less cost than if the need for a change is only found when some/all of the development work has been completed. The FRAME Architecture has been created for use as the starting point for any deployment of ITS, and a methodology for its use has been developed. This methodology is now supported by two FRAME Architecture Tools. The FRAME Architecture has now been extended to include cooperative systems. 1