The longstanding trade dispute between Boeing (US) and Airbus (EU) over government subsidies has increased in intensity over the past few years, with both parties filing complaints at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in May 2005. The aim of this paper is to analyze this dispute and its implications by reviewing the general characteristics of the large civil aircraft (LCA) industry and the particular legal roots of this dispute. The paper focuses on recent developments in terms of the WTO process. The main argument of this paper is that the WTO process is unlikely to produce a feasible and effective solution to the dispute. This is due to the characteristics of the LCA industry, complicated relations between the main producers and their governments, the historical roots of the dispute and the legacy of international arrangements on subsidies for the industry, and most importantly, the current structure of the WTO system.
Abstract:Since technology invaded human life, there has been a strong relationship between humans and machines. In this relationship, similar to other relationships in which humans are involved, there are emotions. When technology brings irresistible innovations and creates a multi-mediated environment, it becomes more difficult to reject the materiality of technology. In time, the acceptance of machines into life has created a new society which cannot exist without machines, and the individual's life in this new society has become dependent on machines. For some individuals, this interdependence may become an enthusiasm and even addiction, intentionally or unintentionally. Technophilia and technophile are useful burgeoning terms to describe the devotion of humans to new technologies and other technological inventions. This content-based descriptive paper aims to study technophilia in the context of technological reductionism. The research includes examples from science-fiction cinema and Hatsune Miku (virtual pop singer) with the concept of technium. The paper explores the term technophilia from the cultural perspective for relationship between human and machines, presenting this new notion as the element of human identity.
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