Background: Stress resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) on pregnant women causes and sustains poor health and contributes to poor pregnancy and birth outcomes. Appropriate interventions to reduce stress in this population of women are warranted. Objective: To present a systematic review and the state of the science of evidence on alternate nostril breathing (ANB) as a holistic intervention for stress reduction for pregnant survivors of IPV, framed by complex adaptive systems theory and psychoneuroimmunology. Data Sources: Eight databases and reference lists of potential articles. Study Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials published between January 2013 and July 2019. Participants: Adults. Intervention: ANB. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Method: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results: ANB is effective in reducing stress, as measured by psychological and biological indicators. Limitations: Studies were limited in ethnic and gender diversity, most of the populations being Asian Indian and predominately male. Conclusions: Use of ANB as a safe and effective holistic intervention for stress reduction shows promise, but research in pregnant survivors of IPV is limited. Implications: Stress reduction benefits may be significant for pregnant survivors of IPV and their fetuses, with minimal risk.
This article represents the authors' collaborative vision for a proposed structure for nursing knowledge. The authors created a vision by examining key elements of nursing epistemology and proposing a model based on the scholarly inquiry. The authors' proposal is substantiated by current existing theoretical frameworks, which were evaluated and modifi ed using deductive reasoning in supporting the creation of the proposed model. The authors provide three real life examples based on clinical experience to illustrate the connection of proposed concepts within the model to practice. In conclusion, the authors investigated the methods with which nurse theorists arrange recognized truths into a structure for nursing knowledge for research and practice.
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