Subject. The results of a retrospective analysis of the prevalence and intensity of major dental diseases in school children are presented. The goal is to determine the prevalence and intensity of major dental diseases in students aged 7, 12 and 15 years. Methodology. The study involved 310 children aged 7 to 15 years, studying at school number 165 in Kazan. A clinical study was conducted by dental examination. An outpatient card was set up for each student, in which the results of a dental examination were recorded. Statistical analysis of the results of the study was carried out using a standard statistical software package for Microsoft Office Excel. Results. The most common dental diseases in children are tooth decay and periodontal disease. The prevalence of dental caries averaged 83.2 %, the intensity — 3.7 ± 0.12 for CPP + CPU. According to the WHO classification, the prevalence of caries of permanent teeth in 12-year-old children is at an average level (75.6 %) with a low level of caries intensity (2.51 ± 0.1). The component K dominates in the structure of the intensity index (1.52 ± 0.1). In 15-year-old schoolchildren, the prevalence of caries is at a high level (87.5 %) with an average level of intensity (4.38 ± 0.1). The “P” component (2.24 ± 0.1) predominates in the structure of the intensity index and the “U” component (0.12 ± 0.1) appears (p <0.05). The prevalence of signs of periodontal disease in primary school children was 3.3 %, in children 12 years old —22.1, 15 years old — 29.0. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a low level of dental care, the lack of preventive and therapeutic measures among students of key age groups. The data obtained are aimed at substantiating the main directions of improving dental care for schoolchildren in modern conditions of the healthcare system.
Thing. The statistical parameters used in the study and determination of indicators obtained during the dental study of workers of two industrial organizations are considered. The goal is to evaluate the methods of statistical analysis used in the interpretation of indicators obtained during a dental study of employees of two industrial organizations. Methodology. A comprehensive dental examination and a sociological survey of 370 employees of the SEZ “Alabuga” and 297 employees of JSC “Chemical Plant named after L.Ya. Karpova "(Mendeleevsk). Statistical data collection, processing and analysis of the results were recorded on a personal computer in the spreadsheet environment of Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Statistical linear regression analysis of the data and interpretation of the results were performed using IBM computer software and SPSS software package (PASW Statistics 20). Results. The materials presented in the article are based on the analysis and study of various methods of parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis. Moreover, the use of the discriminant analysis module of the STATISTICA system contains a large set of manipulations to perform multiple functional analysis, including the module of factor and cluster analysis. To analyze qualitative data, change frequencies, determine the significance of differences of one attribute from another, the chi-square criterion was used. Comparison of empirical (actual) and expected (theoretical) results was carried out using the agreement criterion (Pearson), the absence or presence of statistically significant differences ― using the value of the exact Fisher test, the presence or absence of a specific factor in a particular group ― using a statistical indicator of the odds ratio and confidence interval. Conclusions. Thus, the data obtained make it possible to assess the degree of damage to hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissues, and the effectiveness of dental care. The use of various statistical methods in the analysis of dental research data contributes to the modernization of the organization of dental care.
Subject. At the present stage, the organization of medical care for patients with precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa is one of the most important tasks of the dental service. This is due to the fact that timely detection and treatment of patients at the early stages of the disease provide a long-term and persistent clinical effect and allows you to achieve satisfactory clinical results. The purpose of the review: the work contains a review of the literature of recent years with a detailed review of measures in the management of medical care for patients with keratosis of the oral mucosa. Methodology. The article deals with current issues about the key points of early detection and treatment of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa. It is noted that approaches to solving the problems of medical and social care for patients with leukoplakia of the oral mucosa are not only in the field of medicine, but also in the social side of human activity. Attention is paid to the discussion of the use of the screening method for determining diseases of the oral mucosa. The issues of perspective development of issues of improvement of scientifically based and acceptable for dental institutions methods of conducting medical preventive examinations are highlighted. Measures to improve the detection of patients with hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa, as well as to improve the results of treatment of identified patients, are due to the interaction of various practical health services and should be solved comprehensively from the standpoint of a single systematic approach. The necessity of conducting this study as a criterion for evaluating the system of organization of dental services for patients with keratosis is shown. Results and conclusions. The conducted research review allowed us to identify areas for improving the organization of dental care for patients with hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa. The study of the results obtained should be taken into account when forming prevention programs, taking into account the implementation of the developed standards and recommendations.
Subject. The problem of fissure caries remains one of the key in modern cariesology. For individual prevention, the most effective is the method of sealing fissures and fossae of the surface of the teeth. By sealing (sealing) fissures, the creation of a physical barrier for cariogenic factors and microbial plaque, remineralization of hard tooth tissues is achieved. The goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of fissure sealing in 9-year-old children living in Kazan. Methodology. The study was conducted using the clinical method and statistical analysis of the data. In total, 137 children aged 9 years old, studying in the third grades of the gymnasium No. 102 of Kazan, took part in it. The main group included 82 schoolchildren who performed non-invasive fissure sealing (the first permanent molars) with UltraSeal XT plus sealant, the comparison group consisted of 55 students who did not have fissure sealing. Results. After 12 months, out of 165 teeth previously coated with sealant, sealant on 95 teeth was completely preserved (57.6 % of cases), sealant fell out or partially retained (tooth is intact) in 36.4 %, fissure caries at the place of sealant was detected in 6.1 % The effectiveness of fissure sealing, which consists in maintaining a healthy masticatory surface of hard tooth tissues, after 12 months of follow-up was 91.9 % with a reduction of caries of 76.7 %. A comparison of the data clearly showed that the condition of the first molars, which was used to seal the fissures, allows us to talk about the preservation of intact fissures in 88 % of cases, while 56 % of unsealed molars are prone to caries of fissures and only 44 % remain intact after a year. Conclusions. A clinical study confirms that sealing fissures is a reliable and reasonable method for the prevention of fissure caries.
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