Nanocompósitos de polietileno de alta densidade e poliamida-6 com argila bentonita nacional foram preparados por meio do processo de intercalação por fusão. Para a modificação da argila foram utilizados tipos diferentes de sais quaternários de amônio visando sintetizar as argilas organofílicas. As argilas não modificada e modificada com os sais foram incorporadas nas matrizes poliméricas, sendo que foram utilizados procedimentos diferentes para a modificação das argilas: para os nanocompósitos de polietileno, a argila foi preparada com quatro sais quaternários de amônio e para os nanocompósitos de poliamida-6 foi utilizado um único tipo de sal quaternário de amônio, variando-se seus teores para a organofilização da argila. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter nanocompósitos de polietileno e poliamida-6 e caracterizá-los por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e por difração de raios X (DRX). Os resultados indicaram que os sistemas polietileno/argila organofílica apresentaram estruturas de nanocompósitos intercalados e/ou parcialmente esfoliados. Já os sistemas poliamida-6/argila organofílica apresentaram uma morfologia esfoliada com uma predominância de partículas de argilas dispersas na matriz.
The mechanical properties of polyester/fiberglass composites were studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of reusing the wastes taken from spray-up processing of Paraíba state Industries as reinforcement in polyester matrix composites. Composites with 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 wt. (%) of recycled fiberglass were prepared by compression molding and compared with polyester/ virgin glass fiber composites. The mechanical properties and water sorption behavior were evaluated. The results showed that fiberglass wastes are promising to be reused in polyester resin composites. The impact strength was excellent. It can be concluded that the reusing of the fiberglass wastes is viable
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do compatibilizante PE-g-MA (5 e 10%) no comportamento reológico de nanocompósitos de poliamida6/polietileno/argila organofílica, onde a argila foi tratada com um sal quaternário de amônio (Cetremide). Em geral, observou-se que a presença do compatibilizante aumentou o torque da mistura de PA6/PE e que a presença da argila organofílica (2%) sem o compatibilizante não pareceu alterar o comportamento do torque da mistura. Por outro lado, para o nanocompósito com 10% em peso de compatibilizante e com a argila organofílica, verificou-se um aumento significativo do torque em relação às outras misturas, evidenciando maior interação da argila organofílica com as matrizes poliméricas, isto é, maior viscosidade do sistema, promovida provavelmente pela presença do compatibilizante. Os resultados de difração de raio X mostraram que os sistemas apresentaram estrutura intercalada e/ou esfoliada.
and also to evaluate the structure and mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposites. Experimental MaterialsPolyamide 6 (PA6) was supplied by Rhodia ® /Brazil. The used pristine clay was Na-Montmorillonite clay (MMT, Boa Vista/Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil) supplied by Bentonit União Nordeste with a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 90 meq.100 g -1 and the interlayer spacing (d 001 ) obtained by XRD was 12.74 Å. MMT was dried at 60 °C for 48 hours prior to use. The used quaternary ammonium salts for the modification of MMT were: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (Dodigen), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Genamin), industrial grades supplied by Clariant/Brazil and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetremide), industrial grade from Vetec/Brazil. These salts were used as received according to the literature [7][8][9][10] . Preparation of organoclayThe preparation of the organophilic montmorillonite with Dodigen and Genamin salts was similar: The Na-MMT was mixed in distilled water with stirring to form a uniformly dispersed suspension. The suspension was stirred for 20 minutes after all the clay has been added. And then, the salt equivalent to 1:1 CEC of Na-MMT was added into the dispersion. The mixture was stirred for more 20 minutes. After 24 hours, the mixture of montmorillonite and the salt were washed with distilled water for several times to remove IntroductionPolymer clay nanocomposites are a new class of materials that show improved properties at very low concentration of clay compared with conventional filler composites 1 . Polymer composites have been attracted considerable interest as they offer unusual combinations of physical, thermal, mechanical and other properties that are difficult to obtain from pure polymers. Polymer nanocomposites can be differentiated from traditional polymer composites by the size of the filler. Usually, the particle size of the dispersed phase in the nanocomposites should have at least one dimension in nanometer 2 . Because of the nanoscale features of the filler, nanocomposites possess superior properties over their more conventional microcomposites. These properties can be accomplished at very low concentration of clay (a few %) incorporated in these nanocomposites 3,4 . The key to such performance is related to the ability of exfoliate and disperse individual particles and the high-aspect ratio silicate platelets within the polymer matrix. Recent studies have explored exfoliated structures from organoclays in a wide range of polymer matrices using different processing routes 5 . To date, well-exfoliated composites have been achieved only with a selected number of polymers, for instance, nylon 6, polystyrene, polyimide and epoxies 6 . From these, nylon 6 is particularly unique since exfoliated nanocomposites have been formed by more than one processing technique. The technique of melt processing is particularly attractive due to its versatility and compatibility with existing processing used in the industry for commercial applications 5 . The aim of this wor...
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