The article provides an overview of investigating antibiotic resistance of conditionally pathogenic microflora circulating in different hydroecosystems. It has been stated that the process of spreading antibiotic resistance in bacteria around the world is progressing in a large scale. It has been found that the peculiarities of its manifestation are largely determined by natural, climatic and anthropogenic factors, as well as by the level of urbanization. Mechanisms of microorganism interaction with separate antibiotics are studied. The data obtained show that antibiotics widely used in medicine, veterinary science and aquaculture have caused antibiotic resistance in microflora isolated from hydroecosystems and hydrobionts (fish). The study results of the Russian and foreign scientists on antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from water and fish have been brought. Thus, microorganisms isolated from urban watercourses of Astrakhan, the Volga river Delta and pike perch body organs showed multiple antibiotic resistance depending on the season and the studied area. In all cases there have been recorded the minimum resistance of microflora to tobramycin and chloramphenicol and the maximum - to benzylpenicillin and ampicillin. The obtained data can serve as indicators of sanitary and epidemiological and environmental problems of hydroecosystems.
The article touches upon the saprolegnioza of pike-perch ( Sander lucioperca ) roe during its artificial reproduction at the Alexandrovsky sturgeon hatchery (the Astrakhan region). As the material for investigation there were used 20 samples of infected roe, water from incubators and water source. There have been selected 14 representatives of microbiota from the biotopes under study. Simultaneously with collection of mycological samples, there have been registered data on hydrochemical regime - water temperature, oxygen content in water and pH environment. In resent years there have been found great changes in the studied habitats decreased representatives of Oomycetes of the genera Saprolegnia, Achlya, Aphanomyces, Dictyuchus on the background of increase in the proportion of all mycobiota imperfect fungi species Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. The dominant fungi were of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium, produce mycotoxins. Apparently, they are in modern ecological conditions inhibit the development of fungi saprolegniales without such features. There have been alleged links of hatchery eggs with quality physiological state of manufacturers redundant from autumn to spring in hibernating ponds. The findings suggest the need to look for new effective fungicides to combat disease caviar, in relations to micromycetes.
The article highlights the study of the sanitary and ecological features of acinetobac-teria,which were isolated from the water and fish in the Volga Delta in the period from 1987 up to 2010. Today, these bacteria are among the most dangerous pathogens for people, especially in hospitals. They can exist in hydroecosystems and interact with aquatic biota. There were analyzed 96 beluga species; 295 sturgeon species; 217 stellate sturgeon species; 50 sterlet species; 173 carp species; 447 zander species; 638 water samples in the fishing areas. There were examined the fish, parenchymal organs, intestines, gills, blood, gonads (in sturgeon), and muscle tissues. Pathogenicity factors were taken into account: growth at 37°C, fermentation of hemolysin, protease, lecithinase, catalase; viability in 3.0; 7.0; 10.0% broth with NaCl. It is shown that the occurrence of Acinetobacter in water ranged from 3.0 to 16.7%; in fish-from 4.6 to 10.5% of samples of the entire isolated microflora. Inferior to the dominant enterobacteria and aeromonads, acinetobacteria isolated from water and fish had all the analyzed pathogenicity factors, especially catalase activity. In combination with halophilicity, these bacteria can be preserved in fish when stored frozen and as salted fish products.
Introduction. The material shows halophiles bacteria R. Psendomonas the water’s microbiota and the pikeperch in spring and autumn. The attachment of Pseudomonas isolated from these habitats, certain Delta areas has not been identified. Materials and methods. 190 “water” strains and 720 ones isolated from fish were experimentally tested. In meat-peptone broth (MPB) with 3.0, 7.0, and 10.0% NaCl content, daily cultures of analyzed bacteria were sown, incubation of which was carried out at 37 0 C, and the results were taken into account after 24 and 48 hours. Results. There were no significant differences in halophilicity in the analyzed strains, except for the autumn season, especially in 10.0% salt solution. Among the isolated pseudomonads, the maximum halotolerance in both biotopes was observed in P. fluorescens and P. alcaligenes in P. putida. Halophiles strains of Pseudomonas that infect the water and fish had seasonal cycles. A slight decrease in the halophilicity of pseudomonades persistent in water and fish only at concentrations of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/l from spring to summer (1.1-1.2 times), and their significant rise in autumn (1.5 and 1.4 times) in the salt concentration of 3.0 mg/l. In the tested strains in spring and autumn, increased salt tolerance values were noted, which was determined by the hydrological and hydrochemical features of Delta waters and the “transfer” of bacteria in the body of walleye during its migration from the sea to the river. Conclusion. Analysis of long-term material showed high halophiles studied strains of pseudomonad, indicating that their sanitary and epidemiologic danger, and the ability to remain viable in salted fish products
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