IntroductionThe aim of the research was to determine the influence degree of a sports and rehabilitation program on perception of quality of life among people with visual impairments.MethodsTheoretical analysis, sociological methods (SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey), pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical methods were applied. The research involved 34 people with visual impairments, who were divided into 3 groups, depending on the level of their visual impairment.ResultsIt has been figured out that the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairments depends on the level of their vision loss. Among the blind, the perception is significantly lower (p < 0.05) than with moderate or severe visual impairment. A comparison of the evaluation results (with the SF-36 questionnaire) before and after the experiment allowed to determine the impact of the authors’ program on the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairment.ConclusionsA sports and rehabilitation program for people with visual impairments has been created. The program stipulates the fulfilment of rehabilitation tasks as well as tasks of sports training. It preconditions intensive sports training in the future. The implementation of the sports and rehabilitation program has been proved effective (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for the perception of quality of life in people with visual impairments.
The analysis of scientific and methodological literature shows the fragmentary nature of the available information on the issues of training system for athletes with disabilities in strength sports. The mechanical transfer of unadapt scientific and methodological approaches to the preparation of athletes in the Olympic sport to adaptive sports is observed today. The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of composing a training system for athletes with disabilities in strength sports. We involved coaches (n = 54) working in the field of strength sports in the research. The questionnaire was conducted in an open form on the basis of 15 Regional Centers of Physical Culture and Sports for the Disabled "Invasport". Based on the analysis of questionnaire results, the theoretical structure of long-term multiannual preparation of athletes with disabilities in strength sports was developed. In addition, we have determined the recommended quantitative indices of competitive and training activities for athletes in strength sports. It was established that the structure of longterm multiannual preparation should include five stages, the duration of which depends on the level of remained motor abilities of athletes. The necessity of approaches correction is revealed for composing training system for athletes with disabilities in strength sports on the basis of adaptation of the corresponding approaches of general theory to the peculiarities of training athletes with disabilities.
Ključne riječi: slijepe osobe, adaptivni sportovi, snaga, koordinacija, izdržljivost, fleksibilnost Stranica 24.Roztorhui, M., Perederiy, A., Briskin, Y., . Poboljšanje tjelesne spremnosti sportista oštećenog vida kroz adaptivni sport. Sportlogia, 15 (1), 24-34.
Systematic overload, which is a training characteristic of powerlifters with visual impairments of high qualification has a negative impact on the functioning of body systems and the course of the underlying and comorbidities. This determines the relevance of the scientific substantiation of training programs for athletes with visual impairments as the most important component of ensuring the achievement of sports results in powerlifting. This study aimed to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the impact of various training programs on physical fitness and athletic performance of powerlifters with visual impairments of high qualification. To solve the goal we used methods of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment and methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 16 visually impaired athletes who were members of the national powerlifting team. The pedagogical experiment was based on testing the effectiveness of two training programs, which differed in the parameters of the load components in the annual training and macrocycle periods. After the pedagogical experiment, the experimental group showed reliable indicators of growth on all tests and improvement of sports results, and athletes of the control group increased physical fitness in three tests out of five and sports results are available only in squat and bench press. In both groups, the highest growth rates in the level of development of physical qualities were found in tests aimed at determining the level of development of strength and flexibility. Comparing the results of the introduction of various training programs in the training process of powerlifters with visual impairments, we can conclude that the performance of the experimental group is much higher than among the powerlifters of the control group.
Analiza naučne i metodološke literature pokazuje fragmentarnu prirodu dostupnih informacija o pitanjima sistema obuke sportista sa invaliditetom u sportovima snage. Danas se posmatra mehanički prenos neadekvatnih naučnih i metodoloških pristupa pripremi sportista u olimpijskom sportu do adaptivnog sporta. Cilj istraživanja je da se identifikuju specifičnosti sastavljanja sistema treninga za sportiste sa invaliditetom u sportovima snage. U istraživanju su uključeni treneri (n = 54) koji rade na snazi u sportu. Upitnik je proveden u otvorenom obliku na osnovu 15 regionalnih centara fizičke kulture i sporta za invalide "Invasport". Na osnovu analize rezultata upitnika razvijena je teorijska struktura dugoročne višegodišnje pripreme sportista sa invaliditetom u sportovima snage. Pored toga, utvrđeni su preporučeni kvantitativni pokazatelji konkurentnih aktivnosti sportista u sportovima snage. Utvrđeno je da struktura dugoročne višegodišnje pripreme treba da sadrži pet faza, čije trajanje zavisi od nivoa ostatnih motoričkih sposobnosti sportista. Otkrivena je neophodnost korekcije pristupa za sastavljanje sistema obuke za sportiste sa invaliditetom u sportovima snage na osnovu prilagođavanja odgovarajućih pristupa opšte teorije osobenosti treninga sportista sa invaliditetom.
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