One or more, high-quality single visit nurse-recorded auscultatory BP measurements may be equally as effective as ambulatory BP in predicting target organ damage in a population sample of African ancestry.

Abstract-Although central pulse pressure (PPc) is strongly related to central mean arterial pressure (MAPc), PPc predicts cardiovascular outcomes beyond MAPc. Whether modifiable risk factors for hypertension contribute to PPc and its determinants, independent of MAPc, is uncertain. In 635 randomly recruited participants, we assessed the independent relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium (Na ϩ ) or potassium (K ϩ ) excretion and brachial artery PP (in office or 24-hour; nϭ487), PPc, the forward (P1) and augmented (Paug) pressure wave components of PPc, central augmentation index, and determinants of central pressure waves, including aortic pulse wave velocity, effective reflecting distance, and reflective wave transit time. Central dynamics were determined using applanation tonometry of the carotid, femoral, and radial arteries. With adjustments for potential confounders, urinary Na ϩ /K ϩ was independently associated with in-office, central, and 24-hour PP, as well as Paug, P1, and central augmentation index (PϽ0.05 to PϽ0.005). With further adjustments for MAPc (or diastolic BP), urinary Na ϩ /K ϩ was independently associated with PPc, 24-hour PP, Paug, P1, and central augmentation index (PϽ0.05 to Pϭ0.005) but not with in-office PP, pulse wave velocity, effective reflecting distance, or reflective wave transit time. In conclusion, in a population of African ancestry, urinary salt excretion is independently related to central and 24-hour PP independent of MAPc or diastolic BP, effects that are attributed to increases in both P1 and Paug but not to pulse wave velocity. Hence, modifying salt intake could influence cardiovascular risk through effects on 24-hour and central PPs, as well as P1 and Paug, independent of steady-state pressure (MAP or diastolic BP) or pulse wave velocity. (Hypertension. 2010;56:584-590.) Key Words: pulse pressure Ⅲ arterial stiffness Ⅲ central blood pressure Ⅲ salt intake P ulse pressure (PP) predicts cardiovascular outcomes beyond other measures of blood pressure (BP), including measures of steady-state pressure, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Moreover, central PP may be more closely associated with cardiovascular outcomes than peripheral PP. [15][16][17][18][19] Thus, contemporary notions of the adverse actions of BP are viewed in terms of steady-state effects, indexed by MAP, and dynamic or pulsatile effects, indexed by PP, with central PP receiving the most attention. The effects of PP independent of MAP on cardiovascular outcomes 1-14 are particularly impressive considering the close relationship between MAP and PP. Developing strategies that decrease PP, particularly central PP, without necessarily influencing MAP, is, therefore, of considerable interest, and in this regard understanding the mechanisms responsible for these changes is of importance. Although aging has been identified as the major determinant of PP, with increases in both the augmented and the forward pressure wave contributing to central PP, 20 -23 the im...

In a population sample with a high prevalence of obesity, excess adiposity promotes concentric, rather than eccentric LV geometric changes, effects which are independent of conventional, central artery or 24-h BP measured on a single occasion.