Anaemia in pregnancy is a major health problem and an important cause of adverse foetomaternal outcomes in developing countries. Iron deficiency is the cause of the overwhelming majority of the cases of anaemia in pregnancy. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has been linked with adverse foetal and maternal outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence of IDA and evaluated its effects on foetomaternal outcomes among parturients in Lagos, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 220 women aged 15-49 years with singleton gestation at term, between May 1, 2016, and March 31, 2017. Participants were selected by systematic sampling and baseline data were collected through interviews. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations, and the associations between IDA (defined as anaemia and iron deficiency) and pregnancy outcomes were examined. A P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of IDA was 12.3%. Routine antenatal iron supplementation (adjusted odds ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.46; P = 0.001) and interpregnancy interval of at least 2 years (adjusted odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.05-0.97; P = 0.021) have significant association with IDA. Iron deficiency anaemia was not significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes but there were significant associations with increased risk of blood transfusion (P = 0.001) and maternal infectious morbidities such as puerperal pyrexia (P = 0.041) and wound infection (P = 0.020). IDA is still a fairly common condition among parturients in Lagos and it's mostly associated with maternal peripartum morbidities. Adequate pregnancy spacing through the use of effective contraception and routine antenatal iron supplementations in pregnancy is a recommended preventive measure against IDA and its adverse sequelae. Future studies should adopt the use of transferrin saturation (TSAT) in compliment with serum ferritin assay as a more sensitive marker of iron deficiency.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Interactions between this infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labour, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, low birth weight and post-abortal sepsis. Aims: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among HIV positive pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study in which 320 eligible participants which included 160 HIV positive (case group) and 160 HIV negative (control group) pregnant women were recruited at the antenatal clinic of LUTH. A structured proforma was used to collect data from consenting participants after which high vaginal swabs were collected, processed and examined for Trichomonas vaginalis. The association between categorical variables were tested using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where applicable. All significances were reported at P<0.05. Results: The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among HIV-positive and HIV negative pregnant women were 10% and 8.1% respectively (P=0.559). Significant risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the HIV-positive pregnant women were early Coitarche (P<0.005) and multiple lifetime sexual partners (P=0.021). There was no relationship between the Trichomonas vaginalis infection and the immunological markers of HIV infection. Conclusion: While this study does not provide grounds for universal screening of pregnant women for Trichomonas vaginalis infection as a tool of reducing HIV acquisition especially in pregnancy, campaign to create better sexual health awareness should be commenced as a way to contributing to the reduction in Trichomonas vaginalis infection during pregnancy and perinatal transmission of HIV.

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