Successful implementation of COVID-19 vaccines may be influenced by beliefs about it. This study assessed beliefs about COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria and associated socio-demographic characteristics. It also evaluated socio-demographics as a predictive model for beliefs about the vaccine. This will provide insight to effective vaccine implementation measures. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 410 participants. A two-part questionnaire was developed using Google forms and validated by pre-testing and face validity. The internet link was distributed through snow ball approach to consenting participants from the six geopolitical zones through online platforms. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted using SPSS version 24 and statistical significance was set as p ≤ 0.05. A total of 410 respondents participated in the study. Total weighted beliefs about COVID-19 vaccine showed that the majority 337 (82.20 %) had positive beliefs about the vaccine, and this was associated with geopolitical region (p=0.002) and educational qualification (p=0.005). Socio-demographic characteristics was also found to be highly predictive of beliefs about the vaccine (68%). Socio-demographics predicts beliefs about COVID-19 with relatively high accuracy. Positive beliefs was mostly found, and this was associated with geopolitical region and educational qualification. Positive beliefs about the vaccine may enhance vaccine acceptance and cause a break in transmission dynamics of SARS-Cov-2 infection.

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is known to affect several body organs, including the liver. This results from several factors such as direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver, side effects of drug therapy and pre-existing liver diseases. Drug-induced liver injury can result from a range of drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 such as antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, herbal medications and vaccines. Metabolism of most drugs occurs in the liver, and this leaves the liver at risk of medication-induced liver damage. Being among pathologies from the disease, COVID-19 liver injury presents with abnormally high liver-related enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphate (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase. It is reversible, generally not severe and occurs more mildly in children. However, COVID-19-associated liver injury is worsened by chronic liver diseases and vice versa. There is a high risk of abnormal ALT and AST, in-hospital liver injury and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding in COVID-19 patients with previously existing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. COVID-19-associated liver injury also appears to be severe and significantly associated with life-threatening COVID-19 and mortality in persons with a history of liver transplant. Where necessary, only supportive management is usually indicated. This paper evaluates the aetiology, clinical and laboratory features, occurrence and management of COVID-19-associated liver injury. It also elaborated on the role of drug therapy in the development of COVID-19 liver injury.