Tempe merupakan produk fermentasi kedelai berasal dari Indonesia yang kaya nutrisi.Kacang kedelai umumnya diperoleh dari luar negeri sehingga harga kedelai menjadi mahal. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi penggunaan kacang kedelai sebagai bahan baku tempe adalah melakukan diversifikasi tempe dari bahan baku lokal yaitu jagung. Salah satu kelebihan jagung yang dapat ditonjolkan adalah kandungan karotenoid. Penelitian ini akan melakukan pengukuran perubahan kandungan gizi tempe yang berbahan dasar jagung kering.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan jagung menjadi tempe menurunkan kandungan gizi jagung, akan tetapi tempe jagung memiliki kandungan karotenoid 1,65mg/g dan total kalori 136 kkal/100g. Pengembangan jagung menjadi bahan dasar tempe memiliki potensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku substitusi kedelai.
The objective of this research was to determine the effects of physical modification of corn flour by heat moisture treatment (110°C, 6 hours) on the biological values of Heat Moisture Treated (HMT)-corn flour obtained as well as corn noodles substituted with the HMT-corn flour. The parameters tested which were directly associated were starch and protein digestibility in vitro while indirect parameters included the resistant starch and insoluble fiber contents. The chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, starch, amylose and amylopectin) of the substituted corn noodles were analyzed by chemical methods. In vitro dietary fiber of the noodles were determined gravimetrically whereas the resistant starch, starch and protein digestibility for both the HMT-corn flour and corn noodles substituted with 10% HMT-corn flour were determined using spectrophotometry. The HMT-corn flour had higher resistant starch and soluble fiber contents, but lower starch and protein digestibilities. Meanwhile, the substituted corn noodle had higher resistant starch and soluble fiber yet had significantly lower starch digestibility than those of corn noodle without HMT-corn flour.
Nowadays, demand for foods of animal origin is not limited in terms of quantity, but also the quality, nutritional value and safety for human consumption. Animal-derived foodstuffss can contain biological and chemical hazards through a contamination process. The aim of this study was to detect antibiotic residues and microbial contaminants in animal-derived foodstuffs, i.e. chicken meat, eggs, beef and pork. Samples were collected from different traditional markets (Flamboyan, Mawar, Kemuning and Dahlia) in Pontianak city, Indonesia. Antibiotic residues in foodstuffs were detected using the bioassay method against 4 classes of antibiotics (aminoglycoside, macrolide, penicillin and tetracycline), while the tested microbial contaminants included total plate count (TPC), Escherichia coli, Coliform and Salmonella sp.. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that antibiotic residues were only detected in chicken products. In chicken meat, 3 (60%) samples tested positive for tetracycline, while in chicken eggs, 3 (60%) and 5 (100%) samples tested positive for aminoglycoside and penicillin, respectively. As per the SNI 7388:2009, of the analyzed samples, 12 (100%) chicken meat, 6 (75%) beef and 5 (100%) pork samples exceeded the limit for TPC; 5 (41.67%) chicken meat and 5 (100%) pork samples exceeded the limit for both coliform bacteria and E. coli; and 7 (58.33%) chicken meat and 3 (37.5%) beef samples were positive for Salmonella. In conclusion, considerable levels of microbial contamination were detected in chicken and beef products in Pontianak city.
Melastoma malabathricum is one of the medicinal plants plated in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Its leaves extraction using organic solvents revealed bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant activity, toxicity, and chemical profile of water extract of M. malabathricum leaves are still unknown. This study aimed to determine extraction conditions that provide water extract of M. malabathricum with the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest toxicity. The extraction conditions were conducted at different water temperatures (25 ± 2 ºC and 90 ± 2 ºC), concentrations (10 and 5 g leaves/100 mL water), and extraction time (15, 30, and 45 minutes). Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). The result showed that M. malabathricum leaves of 5g/100 mL extracted with hot water (90 ± 2 ºC) for 15 minutes showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 2.13 ± 19.20 ppm), which was higher than vitamin C (IC50 4.32 ± 0.16 ppm), and low toxicity (LC50 333.06 ± 99.45 ppm). Six compounds namely, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercimeritin, digiprolactone, 3-O-trans-coumaroylquinic acid, norbergenin, and arteamisinin were identified for the first time in the water extract of M. malabathricum leaves. These compounds, individually or extracted from other ingredients, have previously been reported to have antioxidant activity.
Free glutamic acid is a flavor enhancer compound that provided umami taste. San-sakng (Albertisia papuana Becc.) leaf has been used as a seasoning in the Dayaks tribe, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of different drying inlet air temperature on physico-chemical of the spray dried san-sakng leaf. San-sakng leaf powders was produced using spray drying and maltodextrin as raw material. Completely randomized design was used with one factor, namely drying inlet air temperature on the spray drying process (130°C, 140°C, and 150°C). The results showed that moisture, solubility, bulk density, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency on the San-sakng leaf powders presented significantly affected by the drying inlet air temperature. Increasing inlet air temperature led to reduced moisture, bulk density, and particle size, whereas enhancing the solubility and encapsulation efficiency.
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