Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Post-fire recovery of the plant community in Pinus brutia forests: active vs. indirect restoration techniques after salvage logging Okan Ürker (1) , Çağatay Tavşanoğlu (1) , Behzat Gürkan (2) Although reforestation is frequently utilized in many Mediterranean Basin countries to restore burned Mediterranean pine woodlands, post-fire recovery of the plant community is often neglected. To compare the post-fire recovery of the plant community following active and indirect post-fire restoration techniques, we studied three post-fire regeneration treatments in a salvagelogged Pinus brutia forest, including two active (plantation and seeding) restoration techniques and one indirect (natural regeneration). An unburned pine stand was also included in the study. We applied the point-intercept method to obtain data on the presence and cover of individual species and functional groups in six replicate one-hectare plots for each treatment. We found no significant differences in plant species richness among post-fire treatments; however, plant community composition and vegetation structure were significantly different between treatments. There was a shift in plant community structure when active restoration techniques were applied, from the woody-and resprouter-dominated plant community of the unburned site to an annual herbaceous-and non-resprouter-dominated one. Our results suggest that active restoration by planting tree saplings in Mediterranean pine forests after a fire may decrease the plant community's resilience and provide empirical evidence that pine plantation treatments change the plant species composition of these forests. These results have important implications for post-fire management of Mediterranean Basin pine forests.
ÖzDünyada 5490 memeli türü yayılış göstermektedir. 1300 türle yarasalar toplam memelilerin yaklaşık dörtte birini oluşturmaktadır. Yarasalar beslenmek, tünemek ve üremek için çok farklı habitatları ve ekosistemleri kullanabilirler. Bu alanların en önemlilerinden biri ormanlardır. Ormanlar, yarasaların kimi zaman tüneme ve barınma yeri iken, kimi zaman da beslenme alanlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, ormanların yarasalar açısından önemi ve yarasaların ormanlarda yaşadıkları genel problemlere yönelik çözüm önerilerine vurgu yapılmak istenmiştir. Türkiye'de yaşayan 39 yarasa türünün 30'unun ormanla doğrudan veya dolaylı yönden ilişkili olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Yarasaların tüneme ve beslenmeleriyle ilgili çalışmalar derlendiğinde, Türkiye'de ormanla ilişkisi tespit edilmiş 30 yarasa türünden 28'inin ormanları beslenme amaçlı kullandığı kaydedilmiştir. Ormanlarla ilişkili olduğu ifade edilen bu 30 yarasa türün-den 15'inin ise ormanları tüneme amaçlı kullandığı rapor edilmiştir. Yarasaların ormanlarda yaşlı ağaçları, gevşek kabuk arkalarını, bazı kuş yuvalarını, devrilmiş ağaç kütüklerini, çeşitli doğal süreçlerle oluşmuş ağaç yarıklarını, kovuklarını ve boşluklarını tercih ettiği bilinmektedir. Yarasaların yaşaması muhtemel olan ormanlık alanlarda ışık tuzakları, dedektörler ve ağlar kullanılarak teşhisleri yapılabilmektedir. Ayrıca yarasalara takılan izleme cihazları ile orman içerisinde hangi alanları tüneme ve beslenme amacıyla tercih ettikleri, mevsimsel olarak orman içerisin-deki aktivitelerinin nasıl olduğu da izlenebilmektedir. Orman alanlarında bilinçsiz ve kontrolsüz ağaç kesimleri, çeşitli nedenlere bağlı gözlenen habitat parçalanmaları, orman yangınları, böceklere yönelik kimyasal mücadele, madencilik faaliyetleri ve rüzgâr türbinlerinin kurulması gibi insan faaliyetleri, ormanı kullanan yarasaları tehdit etmektedir. Bu tarz olumsuz insan faaliyetlerinin önlenebilmesi için orman amenajman planlarına biyolojik çeşitlilik verilerinin entegrasyonu, böceklerle biyolojik mücadele, bilimsel odaklı çevresel etki değerlendirme çalışmaları ve halkın bilinçlendirilmesi gibi çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Orman, yarasa, yarasa ekolojisi, doğa koruma An evaluation on the relation of bat and forest AbstractThere are 5490 mammal species in the world. Approximately one quarter of them are the bats. The bats use very different habitats to feed, roost and breed. One of the most important habitats, the forests are also used as roosting, resting, breeding and feeding places by bats. In this study, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of the forests for bats and the conservation suggestions regarding the challenges that forests pose for bats. It was stated out that 30 out of 39 bat species in Turkey are directly or indirectly related to the forests. 28 of these 30 species use the forest for feeding and 15 species of them use it as roosting places. It is known that the bats prefer aged trees, loose bark backs, some bird nests, overturned tree logs, tree crevices, cavities and voids formed by various natural pro...
Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) is an endemic tree species and establishing densely natural and healthy forest nowhere else around the world except in Köyceğiz-Dalyan SPA, Turkey. In the historical process, It has been playing important roles to form societial structure of the area. But especially, these forests, have been started to destructed by the government and local people as a result of urbanization and local agricultural policies which were developed during last seventy years, Today, they are now on the brink of extinction. This research aimed to determine destruction reasons of last Anatolian Sweetgum Forest of the world, underlying motivations of this destruction, transition of societial conscience and establishment of societial agreement in the frame of environmental sociology. This study consists of 531 surveys, 3 focus group meetings and 16 in-depth interviews. It has been pointed out that, despite the dense destruction which have been caused by local people, they are still taking up sweetgum forests, accepting it as one of the most important factors of their region and carrying on consciential responsibility by recognizing their destruction of these forests. By using findigs, it can be indicated that there is a possibility to redirect societial dynamics, which were motivated to wipe out at the beginning, to protect these forests again.
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