Although the concept of user experience includes two key aspects, experience of meaning (usability) and experience of emotion (affect), the empirical work that measures both the usability and affective aspects of user experience is currently limited. This is particularly important considering that affect could significantly influence a user's perception of usability. This paper uses image schemas to quantitatively and systematically evaluate both these aspects. It proposes a method for evaluating user experience that is based on using image schemas, sentiment analysis, and computational semantics. The aim is to link the sentiments expressed by users during their interactions with a product to the specific image schemas used in the designs. The method involves semantic and sentiment analysis of the verbal responses of the users to identify (i) task-related words linked to the task for which a certain image schema has been used and (ii) affect-related words associated with the image schema employed in the interaction. The main contribution is in linking image schemas with interaction and affect. The originality of the method is twofold. First, it uses a domain-specific ontology of image schemas specifically developed for the needs of this study. Second, it employs a novel ontology-based algorithm that extracts the image schemas employed by the user to complete a specific task and identifies and links the sentiments expressed by the user with the specific image schemas used in the task. The proposed method is evaluated using a case study involving 40 participants who completed a set task with two different products. The results show that the method successfully links the users' experiences to the specific image schemas employed to complete the task. This method facilitates significant improvements in product design practices and usability studies in particular, as it allows qualitative and quantitative evaluation of designs by identifying specific image schemas and product design features that have been positively or negatively received by the users. This allows user experience to be assessed in a systematic way, which leads to a better understanding of the value associated with particular design features.
Intuitive interaction is an important aspect of usability in interface design. This paper contributes to the research in this area by proposing a conceptual framework for evaluating intuitive interaction based on image schemas. The framework comprises four phases: goal identification, image schemas extraction, analysis, and assessment. It quantifies intuitive interaction by comparing the image schemas envisaged by the designer of a product with those used by its users. The proposed framework is evaluated through a study involving forty-two participants completing a set task with a product. The study identified the image schemas, which were correctly used in accordance with the designer"s intent and those that were incorrectly used and contributed to the difficulties that many participants experienced. The inter-rater reliability and empirical validity were examined. The proposed framework provides a structured approach to usability testing by enabling both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of intuitive interaction.Keywords: intuitive interaction, user study, interaction design, user interface design, empirical study, framework, quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
When users are confronted with the use of a tool, they develop a mental model of how the product should function. The usability of products can be improved by incorporating features that are beneficial in the context of use to aid the user in completing the task. This paper reports series of studies that explores the concept of users experience as a concept for exploring product design. An alarm clock was chosen to explore the concept in the study. Thirty six participants were recruited in study 1 and they were provided with structured questionnaire to complete. This was done in order to obtain deep insights into the user’s need. The identified needs from the structured questionnaire were collated and thereafter converted to engineering characteristics. These were later presented to another set of twenty five participants recruited to rank their importance in study 2. The ranking were averaged using the normalized weighting approach. At the end of the second study, a new prototype of the alarm clock was designed based on the five most important characteristics identified in the study. Finally, the alarm clock develop was compared with the conventional alarm clock available in the market using twenty participants recruited for study 3. The result shows the alarm clock developed from the study show significant performance rating compare to the conventional available in the market by the majority of the participants recruited in the study. KEYWORDS: User experience, Product design, Users need, Engineering characteristics, Normalised weighting approach
Intuitive use is a desirable feature in product and interface design. Until recently, however, there has been little research on the affective aspects of intuitive use. This paper contributes to the research in this area by proposing a systematic analytical method for assessing the affective aspect of intuitive use; the method uses an ontology of image schemas, computational semantics, and a sentiment analysis to determine the affect associated with interactions. The approach is evaluated through an empirical study involving 40 participants who completed a task with two products. The results show that the approach links the image schemas used for the completion of a task to the affective experiences of the users. The study has the potential to lead to improvements in design and the improved evaluation of intuitive use because it allows experiences to be linked directly to the specific image schemas employed in the design.
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