A significance decrease in the incidence was only observed in Whites, but not in Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians/Pacific Islanders. A significance decrease was observed in the incidence of non-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) rather than SCC among young females 15-24 years from 3 in 2007 to 1.5 in 2013 (APD 9.1, 95% CI 3.1-14.7). Conclusion: A significance decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer during the vaccine era among young females 15-24 years may indicate early effects of HPV vaccination. Further research is needed to confirm this trend.
The incidence of food allergy out break worldwide is becoming a public health concern. Food allergy is growing at an epidemic proportion affecting all age groups of human population especially such occurrence in young children is worrisome. Management of food allergy without side effect is still a challenge to the medical community. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of moringa leaf extract in the treatment of food allergy without side effects in experimental rats. Sixty (60) Wistar male rats, (4-6) weeks old, weighing between (100-120) g were grouped into five (5) sections. They were grouped under: Positive Control group, Negative Control group, Epinephrine control group, Chemotherapeutic and Chemo-preventive groups. The animals were allowed to acclimatize for two weeks where the rats were given free food ration and distilled water. After 15 days of consecutive administration of 1 ml crude peanut extract and 10µlcholera toxin as a potent adjuvant in rats, made food allergy established. Results from the study indicated that the means of rectal temperatures after 20th day of allergy induction were declined from (37.17- 34.47) ?C, (37.0-34.67) ?C, and (37.52-3542) ?C in Positive control group, Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic groups respectively. The reductions in rectal temperatures confirmed that food allergy was established in experimental rats. Also the study showed that moringa leaf extract reduced serum Immunoglobulin E levels from (324.50-275.4)ng/ml, (181.20-170.50)ng/ml, (279.50-44.38)ng/ml respectively under Epinephrine treatment, Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic experimental group treatments. This suggested that moringa leaf extract had potential to prevent and control food allergy.
Purpose of study: To identify factors related to the increased risk of neurotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after treatment with the antifolate agent methotrexate (MTX), a critical component of curative protocols. Methods: We analyzed the incidence of and factors associated with acute MTX neurotoxicity (neurologic episode within 14d of dose that resulted in treatment modification) in a multi-site study of 280 (48% Latino) newly diagnosed (between 2012–2017) patients treated on recent pediatric ALL protocols. We examined the effects of genetic ancestry and single nucleotide variants in a subset of 190 patients with genotype data. Results: MTX neurotoxicity occurred in 22% of Latino compared to 7% of non- Latino patients; a nearly 2.5-fold increased risk after accounting for other clinical and demographic factors. Patients with neurotoxicity received fewer total MTX doses, and their risk for relapse was 2-fold higher than patients who did not experience neurotoxicity. We also found that 42% of our Latino patients who experienced a first neurotoxic event went on to have additional events, compared to only 21% of non-Latino patients. The proportion of genetic variation that co-segregates with Native American ancestry was overrepresented in individuals with MTX-related neurotoxicity (mean = 35%) vs without neurotoxicity (mean = 23%, p = 0.025). In multivariable models accounting for sex, age at diagnosis, and treatment risk group, every 10% increase in the proportion of Native American genetic ancestry was associated with a 16% increase in neurotoxicity incidence (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02–1.32). Our data also suggest that Latinos are at higher risk for first (OR = 3.51, p = 0.02) and subsequent (OR = 6.10, p = 0.04) neurotoxic events associated with a missense variant in TCF12, which is more common in admixed Latino (23%) compared to European (3%) or African (<1%) populations. Conclusions: MTX neurotoxicity is more common among Latino children and adolescents with ALL, compromises treatment efficacy, and may contribute to disparities in ALL relapse and survival. Our findings to date highlight that differences in inherited genetic variation, which segregate with ancestry, likely contribute to disparities in the incidence of treatment-related neurotoxicity.
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